StatbarnSDC Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/statbarnsdc/1.0
imports: owl#
bibliographic citation: Trupti Padiya, Jim Smith, Felix Ritchie, Elizabeth Green, Amy Tilbrook, StatbarnSDC Ontology - Version 1.0, https://w3id.org/statbarnsdc
contributor: Jim Smith - University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), ORCID:0000-0001-7908-1859 Felix Ritchie - University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), ORCID:0000-0003-4097-4021 Elizabeth Green - University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), ORCID: 0000-0002-5199-9534 Amy Tilbrook - University of Edinburgh, Health Data Research UK, ORCID:0000-0002-0294-2101
created: 2025-11-11
creator: Trupti Padiya - University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), ORCID:0000-0003-4514-4473
description: An Ontology for the Statbarn Framework used in Output Statistical Disclosure Control (OSDC).
issued: 2025-12-12
license: MIT
modified: 2026-06-24
publisher: University of the West of England (UWE Bristol)
source: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10054628
doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17143221
status: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/peerReviewed
status: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/unpublished
preferred namespace prefix: sdc
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/statbarnsdc#
version info: 1.0
scope note: The concepts described in the ontology are in accordance with the Statbarn framework used in Output Statistical Disclosure Control.
included in data catalog: zenodo.22011818
isbasedon: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17143221
version: 1.0

hasBooleanValue
type: DatatypeProperty
range: boolean
definition: Indicates a boolean value

hasDecimalValue
type: DatatypeProperty
range: decimal
definition: Indicates a decimal value

AdditiveNoise
type: Class
subclass of: Noise
definition: Random values are added to original data to obscure individual contributions to control disclosure risk.

AdjustedRSquared
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistical measure that indicates how well a regression model explains the variability of the dependent variable.

Aggregation
type: Class
subclass of: MitigationControl
definition: A risk mitigation technique where individual data are combined into larger groups or summaries to reduce the risk of identifying or inferring information about specific individuals.

AlluvialFlow
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A type of diagram that visualizes changes in categorical data over time or between stages, showing how groups split, merge, or flow from one category to another.

AnalysisOfVariance
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Also reffered to as ANOVA is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups.

Ancova
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Combines ANOVA and regression to compare group means while controlling for one or more continuous covariates.

AuxiliaryInformation
type: Class
subclass of: Risk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: StatbarnDataCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLikelihood
  all values from: Likelihood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskLevel
  all values from: RiskLevel
definition: The risk that external data, when combined with published statistical outputs, will allow inferences or identification of individuals, increasing disclosure risk beyond what the output alone suggests.

BarGraph
type: Class
subclass of: LinearAggregations
definition: A chart that represents categorical data with rectangular bars, where the length of each bar is proportional to the value or frequency of the category.

BartlettsTestOfSphericity
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistical test used to check whether a correlation matrix is an identity matrix.

BetaCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: LinearAggregations
definition: A standardized regression coefficient that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between a predictor and the outcome.

BinaryLogisticRegression
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A statistical model used to predict the probability of a binary outcome.

BoxPlot
type: Class
subclass of: Position
definition: A graphical display that summarizes the distribution of a dataset using its minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum, often highlighting outliers.

BoxsTestOfEqualityOfCovarianceMatrices
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical test used to assess whether the covariance matrices of multiple groups are equal.

CalculatedRatios
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: AuxiliaryInformation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: Dominance
definition: Calculated ratios refer to measures investigating relationship, comparison or relative magnitude between variables. These can includes odds ratios, risk ratios, or hazard ratios.

CanonicalCorrelation
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Measures the relationship between two sets of variables.

CategoricalAggregation
type: Class
subclass of: Aggregation
definition: Combining categories of a categorical variable to reduce the granularity of the data to reduce disclosure risk.

CellKeyRounding
type: Class
subclass of: Rounding
definition: Cell values in tables are rounded based on a key or algorithm to reduce risk.

ChiSquaredTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical test used to determine whether there is a significant association between categorical variables.

ClassDisclosure
type: Class
subclass of: Risk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: RequiredZeroCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLikelihood
  all values from: Likelihood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isMitigatedByMeasure
  all values from: Class
    union of: Noise
    union of: Suppression
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  all values from: PresenceOfZeroCheck
definition: The risk that released statistical outputs allow an attacker to infer details about an individual, as a result of their membership of a sensitive category or class who all share the same values for some variables.

Clusters
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
definition: Statbarn classification that covers output of cluster analysis. Cluster analysis is a statistical technique used to classify or group similar objects or individuals based on their characteristics or attributes. It aims to identify patterns, similarities, or relationships within a dataset by grouping data points into clusters.

CochransQTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical test used to determine whether there are differences in proportions across three or more related groups for binary outcomes.

CoefficientOfDetermination
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical measure that indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable(s) in a regression model.

CohensD
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Measure of effect size that quantifies the difference between two group means in terms of standard deviation units.

CohensKappaCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Measures the level of agreement between two raters or observers for categorical data, adjusting for agreement occurring by chance.

ConfidenceIntervals
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Range of values, derived from sample data, that likely contain the true population parameter with a specified level of confidence.

ContrastCoefficients
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Numerical weights assigned to group means in ANOVA or regression.

ControlledRounding
type: Class
subclass of: Rounding
definition: Table or cell values are rounded according to specific rules to prevent disclosure risk.

CorrelationCoefficients
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowDOF
definition: Correlation coefficients are statistical measures that quantify the relationship between two or more variables. This includes measures such as regression estimates, as well as single statistics such as Pearson's r, Spearmans's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) and Kendall's rank correlation coefficient (τ).

Covariates
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Continuous or categorical variables that are included in a statistical model to account for or control their effect on the outcome variable.

CoxSnellRSquared
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Measure of goodness-of-fit for logistic regression models.

CramersV
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Measure of association between two categorical variables.

Crosstabs
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A tabular method for displaying the frequency distribution of two or more categorical variables.

Differencing
type: Class
subclass of: Risk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: PresenceOfLinkedTableCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLikelihood
  all values from: Likelihood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isMitigatedByMeasure
  all values from: Class
    union of: Noise
    union of: Suppression
definition: A risk that combining multiple outputs allows to deduce sensitive information about individuals by analyzing changes or differences between them.

DiscriminantFunctionAnalysis
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical technique used to classify observations into predefined groups and determine which variables best separate those groups.

DiscriminantValidity
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Extent to which a construct or measurement is truly distinct from other constructs, showing it measures what it is intended to and not something else.

Dominance
type: Class
subclass of: Risk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: NKCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: PPercentCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLikelihood
  all values from: Likelihood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isMitigatedByMeasure
  all values from: Class
    union of: Noise
    union of: OutlierRemoval
    union of: Rounding
    union of: Suppression
definition: The risk that a small number of individuals contribute a disproportionately large share of a cells value, making it easier to identify or infer their data.

EigenvaluesScreePlots
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Eigenvalues measure the amount of variance explained by each factor, and a scree plot visualizes these values to help decide how many factors to retain.

Endpoints
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: ClassDisclosure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowCount
definition: Minimum and maximum values for a variable.

EtaSquared
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Measure of effect size that indicates the proportion of total variance in a dependent variable explained by an independent variable in ANOVA or similar analyses.

FactorAnalysis
type: Class
subclass of: CalculatedRatios
definition: A statistical method used to identify underlying latent factors that explain the patterns of correlations among observed variables.

Frequencies
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: ClassDisclosure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: Differencing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowCount
definition: This class covers frequencies ie counts of things, either in tables (most common), in certain graphs such as histograms or bar charts, or single as in a description of the number of survey participants. This also includes frequencies expressed as a proportion of some total.

FreqeuncyTable
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: This class covers frequencies, i.e, counts of things, either in tables (most common), in certain graphs such as histograms or bar charts, or single as in a description of the number of survey participants. This also includes frequencies expressed as a proportion of some total.

FriedmanTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Non-parametric statistical test used to detect differences in treatments across multiple related groups.

GeneralLinearModel
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Models a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictor variables.

GeographicalAggregation
type: Class
subclass of: Aggregation
definition: Combining spatial or location-based data into larger geographic units to reduce disclosure risk

GiniCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowCount
definition: The Gini coefficient is used to summarise inequality within a population. The Lorenz curve is its graphical counterpart.

GiniCurves
type: Class
subclass of: GiniCoefficient
definition: A graphical representation showing the cumulative proportion of the population against the cumulative proportion of the resource.

HazardRatio
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A measure used in survival analysis that compares the hazard (event rate) between two groups over time.

HazardSurvivalTables
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: ImplicitTables
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowDOF
definition: These are tables used to analyse and model survival or failure times in event-based data and business data. Commonly seen in epidemiology, actuarial science and clinical research among others. These can also underpin visualisations such as Kaplen-Meier.

HazardTables
type: Class
subclass of: HazardSurvivalTables
definition: Tables that summarize the hazard (event) rates over time.

Heatmap
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A graphical representation of data where values are displayed as colors in a matrix or grid.

HerfindahlHirschmanIndex
type: Class
subclass of: NonLinearConcentrationRatios
definition: A measure of concentration calculated by summing the squares of the shares of all elements.

HomogeneityOfRegression
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: An assumption in ANCOVA stating that the relationship (slope) between the covariate and the dependent variable is the same across all groups.

HomogeneityOfVariance
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: An assumption in statistical tests (like ANOVA) that the variances of the dependent variable are equal across all groups or samples being compared.

HomogeneityOfVarianceCovarianceMatrices
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: An assumption in multivariate analyses (like MANOVA) that the variance and covariance structure of the dependent variables is equal across all groups.

HosmerLemeshowTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical test used in logistic regression to assess the goodness-of-fit of the model by comparing observed and predicted event probabilities across subgroups.

ImplicitTables
type: Class
subclass of: Risk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: StatbarnDataCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLikelihood
  all values from: Likelihood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskLevel
  all values from: RiskLevel
definition: A risk of tables or outputs that allow sensitive information to be inferred indirectly through calculations or combinations of published data.

IndependentTtests
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical test used to compare the means of two independent groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them.

InterquartileRange
type: Class
subclass of: Position
definition: The range between the first quartile and third quartile of a dataset.

KValue
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasDecimalValue
  some values from: decimal
definition: A threshold parameter used in the NK disclosure risk test to determine whether a small number of records dominate a cell’s contribution, indicating potential disclosure risk.

KaiserMeyerOlkinTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A measure of sampling adequacy for factor analysis, indicating whether the data are suitable for detecting underlying factors.

KaplanMeier
type: Class
subclass of: HazardSurvivalTables
definition: A statistical method used in survival analysis to estimate the probability of survival over time.

KappaMeasureOfAgreement
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistic that quantifies the agreement between two raters or observers for categorical data, adjusting for chance agreement.

KendallsRank
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A measure of strength and direction of association between two ranked variables.

KernelEstimates
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Estimate the probability density function or distribution.

Kolmogorov-SmirnovTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistical test used to compare a sample distribution with a reference probability distribution or to compare two sample distributions, assessing whether they differ significantly.

Kruskal-WallisTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A non-parametric statistical test used to compare the medians of three or more independent groups to determine if they come from the same distribution.

Kurtosis
type: Class
subclass of: Shape
definition: A statistical measure that describes the “tailedness” or peakedness of a data distribution.

Lambda
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A measure of association for categorical variables, indicating the proportional reduction in error when predicting the dependent variable using the independent variable.

LevenesTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistical test used to assess the equality of variances (homogeneity of variance) across two or more groups.

LineGraph
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A chart that connects data points with lines to show trends, patterns, or changes of a variable over a continuous scale.

LinearAggregations
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: Differencing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: Dominance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowCount
definition: This class covers sums, means, ratios etc. These are stats that provide a snapshot of the data's characteristics that don't relate to any one data point and instead are calculated with many or all of the points in a data set. This class also includes linear concentration ratios (eg share of the top N observations).

LinearRegressionCoefficients
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Numerical values in a linear regression model that quantify the effect of each predictor variable on the outcome.

LinkedMultilevelTables
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
definition: Multilevel and linked tables are used to summarize and analyze the relationship between multiple categorical variables. These often analyse nested categorical data in formats such as two or three way contingency tables or hierarchical contingency tables.

LogLinearForHigherOrderTables
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A statistical model used to analyze the relationships among three or more categorical variables.

LogisticRegression
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A statistical model used to predict the probability of a binary or categorical outcome.

Logit
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Used as the link function in logistic regression.

LongitudinalEstimation
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A statistical method used to analyze data collected from the same subjects over time

LowCount
type: Class
subclass of: Risk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: MinimumThresholdCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLikelihood
  all values from: Likelihood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isMitigatedByMeasure
  all values from: Class
    union of: Noise
    union of: Rounding
    union of: Suppression
definition: The disclosure risk that arises when cells in a table have very few observations, making it easier to identify or infer information about the individuals contributing to those cells.

LowDOF
type: Class
subclass of: Risk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskEvaluation
  some values from: MinimumDoFCheck
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLikelihood
  all values from: Likelihood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isMitigatedByMeasure
  all values from: Class
    union of: Aggregation
    union of: Noise
    union of: OutlierRemoval
    union of: Suppression
definition: The risk that statistical outputs are based on very few independent pieces of information make it easier to deduce individual data or sensitive values.

MahalanobisDistance
type: Class
subclass of: Shape
definition: A measure of the distance between a point and a distribution.

Mancova
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A statistical technique that extends MANOVA by including covariates.

MannWhitneyUTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A non-parametric test used to compare differences between two independent groups on an ordinal or continuous outcome when the data do not assume a normal distribution.

MauchlySphericityTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistical test used in repeated-measures ANOVA to assess whether the variances of the differences between all combinations of related groups are equal.

Maximum
type: Class
subclass of: Endpoints
definition: The highest observed or recorded values of outcome.

McNemarsTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistical test used to analyze paired nominal data, typically to determine whether there is a significant change or difference in proportions for two related groups.

Mean
type: Class
subclass of: LinearAggregations
definition: The arithmetic average of a set of values, calculated by summing all values and dividing by their count.

MeanPlots
type: Class
subclass of: LinearAggregations
definition: Graphs that display the average values of a variable for different groups or conditions.

Median
type: Class
subclass of: Position
definition: The middle value of a dataset when the values are arranged in order, dividing the data into two equal halves.

Minimum
type: Class
subclass of: Endpoints
definition: The lowest observed or recorded values of outcome.

MinimumDOF
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasDecimalValue
  some values from: decimal
definition: The lowest acceptable number of 'residual degrees of freedom' required for a statistical output to be considered safe from disclosure risk. Calculated as the number of independent data points minus the number of learned paramters in a model.

MinimumDoFCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: MinimumDOF
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: To check model's residual degrees of Freedom (DoF) meets or exceeds the specified value of MinimumDoF.

MinimumThreshold
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasDecimalValue
  some values from: decimal
definition: The smallest allowable value or count for a data cell or statistic to be safely released without risking disclosure of individual information.

MinimumThresholdCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: MinimumThreshold
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: To check the sizes if subgroups (e.g. table cells) meet or exceed the specified value of MinimumThreshold.

Mode
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: ClassDisclosure
definition: The value or values that occur most frequently in a dataset. It represents the peak or highest point on a distribution's histogram.

ModeCalculation
type: Class
subclass of: Mode
definition: Most frequently occuring item in a dataset

MultinomialLogit
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A statistical model used to predict outcomes where the dependent variable has more than two discrete categories.

MultipleRegression
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A statistical method that models the relationship between one continuous dependent variable and two or more independent variables.

MultipleRounding
type: Class
subclass of: Rounding
definition: Values are rounded to the nearest multiple of a chosen base to reduce disclosure risk.

MultiplicativeNoise
type: Class
subclass of: Noise
definition: Original data values are multiplied by random factors to mask individual contributions to reduce disclosure risk.

MultivariateAnalysisOfVariance
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Also reffered to as MANOVA, is a statistical technique that tests for differences across groups on two or more dependent variables simultaneously.

NKCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: KValue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: NValue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: NK test utilises the value specified as Nvalue and Kvalue.

NValue
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasDecimalValue
  some values from: decimal
definition: A threshold specifying the minimum number of observations required in a cell or output to ensure it meets disclosure control criteria.

NagelkerkeRSquared
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A pseudo R-squared measure for logistic regression.

Noise
type: Class
subclass of: MitigationControl
definition: Random or controlled perturbation added to data or outputs to mask individual contributions and reduce disclosure risk.

NonLinearConcentrationRatios
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: Dominance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowCount
definition: Non-linear concentration ratios are statistical measures used to assess degree of concentration or dispersion. The most common of these are the Herfindahl–Hirschman index.

NumericalAggregation
type: Class
subclass of: Aggregation
definition: Summarizing or combining individual numerical values to reduce disclosure risk

OddRatios
type: Class
subclass of: CalculatedRatios
definition: A measure of association that quantifies how the odds of an event occurring change with exposure to a predictor.

OmnibusTestsOfModelCoefficients
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Statistical tests that assess whether a set of predictors, taken together, significantly improves the fit of a model compared to a null model with no predictors.

OutlierRemoval
type: Class
subclass of: MitigationControl
definition: Extreme or unusual values are removed or masked to prevent identification of individuals and reduce disclosure risk.

PPercentCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: PRatio
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: PQ test utilises the value specified as PRatio

PRatio
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasDecimalValue
  some values from: decimal
definition: A measure used to assess the proportion of a cell’s value contributed by a single or small group of individuals, indicating potential dominance and disclosure risk.

PairedTtests
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical test used to compare the means of two related or matched groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them.

PanelDataModels
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Statistical models designed to analyze data that follow the same units over time for both cross-sectional and time-series variation.

ParallelAnalysis
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A technique in factor analysis or principal component analysis used to determine the number of factors or components to retain by comparing the observed eigenvalues with those obtained from randomly generated data.

PartialCorrelationCoefficients
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Measures the relationship between two variables while controlling the effect of one or more additional variables.

PartialEtaSquared
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A measure of effect size in ANOVA that indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by an independent variable, after controlling for other variables.

PearsonsProductMomentCorrelationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistic that measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.

PearsonsR
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistic that quantifies the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.

PhiCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A measure of association between two binary variables.

PieChart
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A circular chart that represents proportions of a whole by dividing the circle into slices corresponding to the relative sizes of categories.

Position
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: ClassDisclosure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowCount
definition: Position refers to a statistic that provides information on a central or typical value in a dataset. These include data points such as median, percentiles, or inter-quartile range.

PresenceOfLinkedTableCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: PresenceOfLinkedTables
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: To check for presence of linked tables and utilises value from PresenceOfLinkedTables. This will typically be a manual process

PresenceOfLinkedTables
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasBooleanValue
  some values from: boolean
definition: A measure specifying if there is a possibility that sensitive information can be inferred by combining multiple related tables, even if each table alone does not disclose individual data.

PresenceOfZero
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasBooleanValue
  some values from: boolean
definition: A mesure specifying there are cells with a value of zero, which can reveal information about the absence of certain individuals or events.

PresenceOfZeroCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: PresenceOfZero
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: To check for presence of zeros and utilises value from PresenceOfZero.

PrevalenceRatio
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A measure that compares the proportion of individuals with a condition in an exposed group to that in an unexposed group.

PrimarySuppression
type: Class
subclass of: Suppression
definition: Masking of cells containing sensitive or high-risk values in a table to prevent disclosure.

PrincipalComponentAnalysis
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A dimensionality reduction technique that transforms correlated variables into a smaller set of uncorrelated components while retaining most of the original variance.

Probit
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A regression model used to predict the probability of a binary outcome by applying the inverse standard normal cumulative distribution function.

PseudoRSquared
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Measure used in models like logistic regression to indicate the proportion of variation in the dependent variable explained by the model.

Quartiles
type: Class
subclass of: Position
definition: Values that divide a dataset into four equal parts.

RSquared
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Statistical measure that indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable(s) in a regression model.

Range
type: Class
subclass of: Endpoints
definition: The difference between the maximum and minimum values of a dataset, summarising the dispersion of the data.

RequiredZeroCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: ZeroCheckDecider
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: Indicates if a zerocheck is required and utilises the value from ZeroCheckDecider.

RiskRatios
type: Class
subclass of: CalculatedRatios
definition: A measure that compares the probability of an event occurring in an exposed group to the probability in an unexposed group.

Rounding
type: Class
subclass of: MitigationControl
definition: Numerical values are rounded to a specified precision to reduce the risk.

ScatterGraph
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: Also reffered to as scatter plot, a chart that displays individual data points on a two-dimensional plane, showing the relationship or correlation between two continuous variables.

SecondarySuppression
type: Class
subclass of: Suppression
definition: The additional suppression of non-sensitive cells in a table to prevent disclosure.

Shape
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowDOF
definition: Shape outputs refer to measures that describe or show the characteristics of data distributions. They provide information on elements such as symmetry, peaks and tail behaviour. These comprise standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis.

SimpleConcentrationRatio
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A measure that quantifies the dominance or contribution of the largest values or components in a dataset.

Skewness
type: Class
subclass of: Shape
definition: A statistical measure that describes the asymmetry of a data distribution around its mean.

SpearmansRankCorrelationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: Non-parametric measure that assesses the strength and direction of the monotonic relationship between two ranked or ordinal variables.

StandardDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: Shape
definition: A measure of how spread out or dispersed the values in a dataset are from the mean.

StandardisedRegressionCoefficients
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Regression coefficients that have been rescaled to have unit variance, allowing the comparison of the relative strength of different predictors in a regression model.

Statbarn
type: Class
definition: The Statbarn taxonomy is a framework that classifies types of statisticalanalyses by their disclosure characteristics, including risk, exceptions, and mitigation measures for its use in output statistical disclosure control.

StatbarnDataCheck
type: Class
subclass of: RiskEvaluation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRiskCriteria
  some values from: StatbarnRelevantShowData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasHumanInvolvement
  all values from: HumanInvolvement
definition: To check whether the data related to statbarn is disclosive and utilises value from StatbarnRelevantShowData.

StatbarnRelevantShowData
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasBooleanValue
  some values from: boolean
definition: A measure specifying there is relevant data or information that could be disclosive relevant to the statbarn.

StatisticalHypothesisTests
type: Class
subclass of: Statbarn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasRisk
  some values from: LowDOF
definition: Statistical tests are used to make inferences and observe differences in data. These involve a wide range of tests including t-tests, p-values, F-tests, or confidence intervals.

StructuralEquationModelling
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A multivariate statistical technique that analyzes complex relationships among observed and latent variables, combining factor analysis and multiple regression into a single model.

Sum
type: Class
subclass of: LinearAggregations
definition: The total obtained by adding together all the values.

Suppression
type: Class
subclass of: MitigationControl
definition: Sensitive cells or values are deliberately withheld or hidden to prevent disclosure risk.

SurvivalTables
type: Class
subclass of: HazardSurvivalTables
definition: Tables that show the probability of survival at different time intervals

TargetedNoise
type: Class
subclass of: Noise
definition: Noise is selectively added to specific high-risk values or records to reduce disclosure risk.

TemporalAggregation
type: Class
subclass of: Aggregation
definition: Combining data over time periods to reduce disclosure risk

ThreeStageLeastSquares
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: An econometric method that estimates systems of simultaneous equations by combining Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) with seemingly unrelated regression.

TrimmedMean
type: Class
subclass of: LinearAggregations
definition: A measure of central tendency calculated by removing a specified percentage of the smallest and largest values from a dataset and then computing the mean of the remaining values.

TukeysHonestySignificantDifferenceTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A post-hoc analysis used after ANOVA to compare all possible pairs of group means and determine which differences are statistically significant.

TwoStageLeastSquares
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: An econometric method used to estimate parameters in simultaneous equations models.

TwoWayAnalysisOfVariance
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: Two-Way ANOVA is a statistical technique that examines the effect of two independent factors on a continuous dependent variable.

VarianceCovarianceMatrix
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A square matrix that displays the variances of variables along the diagonal and the covariances between variables in the off-diagonal elements.

WaterfallChart
type: Class
subclass of: Frequencies
definition: A type of chart that visualizes how an initial value is affected by sequential positive and negative changes.

WilcoxonSignedRankTest
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A non-parametric test used to compare two related or paired samples to assess whether their population mean ranks differ, often as an alternative to the paired t-test when data are not normally distributed.

WilksLambda
type: Class
subclass of: StatisticalHypothesisTests
definition: A statistic used in multivariate analysis (like MANOVA) to test whether group means on a combination of dependent variables are equal, with smaller values indicating greater differences between groups.

ZeroCheckDecider
type: Class
subclass of: RiskCriteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasBooleanValue
  some values from: boolean
definition: A measure that specifies if a zero check will be necessary for a TRE or any other organisation.

ZeroOrderCorrelation
type: Class
subclass of: CorrelationCoefficients
definition: A simple bivariate correlation between two variables