hosted procedure or instrument
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A common role for a spatial sampling feature is to host instruments or procedures deployed repetitively or permanently. If present, the association Platform shall link the SF_SpatialSamplingFeature to an OM_Process deployed at it. The OM_Process has the role hostedProcedure with respect to the sampling feature.
domain: Spatial sampling feature
range: Observation process

sampling feature complex
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Sampling Feature
range: Sampling feature complex

class of material
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Value should be taken from a vocabulary of material classes. e.g. aqueous liquid, non-aqueous liquid, soil, rock, tissue, vegetation (broad case) or finer classifications if available
domain: Specimen

OWL for Sampling Features
type: Ontology
comment: An OWL representation of the Sampling Features Schema described in clauses 9-11 of ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information - Observations and Measurements. In contrast to previous versions developed through SSN and in conjunction with ISO 19150-2, this ontology has minimal dependencies on existing ontologies, particularly those that trigger extended chains of imports. Stub classes are provided for time, geometry and measure (scaled number), which can be substituted at run-time by a suitable concrete representation of the concept. The model for Specimen has a dependency on W3C PROV-O. Specimen is modelled as a subclass of prov:Entity, so PROV can be used to describe specimen preparation chains.
creator: Simon Jonathan David COX CSIRO
description: A simple OWL representation of the Sampling Features Schema described in clauses 9-11 of ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information - Observations and Measurements
rights: Copyright © 2014, 2015 CSIRO
source: ISO 19156:2011
created: 2014-10-07
creator: SimonJDCox
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420
has part: vertical offset from a datum
has part: Sampling process
has part: sampling feature complex
has part: sampling elevation
has part: class of material
has part: Measure or quantity
has part: Sampling curve
has part: Sampling feature complex
has part: Geometry object
has part: Elevation
has part: Sampling point
has part: specimen size
has part: Specimen
has part: Spatial surface
has part: Spatial curve
has part: sampling method
has part: spatial sampling feature shape
has part: Spatial sampling feature
has part: Spatial solid
has part: sampled feature
has part: Location
has part: Collection of sampling features
has part: role
has part: related sampling feature
has part: Observation process
has part: hosted procedure or instrument
has part: vertical (elevation) datum
has part: Sampling solid
has part: Sampling surface
has part: current location
has part: Spatial point
has part: sampling location
has part: sampling time
has part: Sampling Feature
license: au
modified: 2015-11-17
preferred namespace prefix: saml:
preferred namespace uri: http://def.seegrid.csiro.au/ontology/om/sam-lite#
imports: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
imports: prov
prior version: sampling
change note: 2015-08-18 Added samfl:SamplingCollection class to domain of samfl:sampledFeature
change note: 2015-08-27 Added samfl:materialClass property, rdfs:domain samfl:Specimen
change note: 2015-09-18 Added samfl:samplingElevation property, rdfs:domain samfl:Specimen
change note: 2015-11-17 Added samfl:member property, with fixed domain (SamplingCollection) and range (SamplingFeature), in place of rdfs:member, which is not liked by OWL-API.

role
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Sampling feature complex

Location
type: Class
comment: Location, expressed as either a geometry object or feature samfl:GeometryObject is subclass w3geo:SpatialThing, geosparql:SpatialObject are subclasses
description: Location, expressed as either a geometry object or feature

sampling elevation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: If present, the attribute samplingElevation shall describe the elevation from where the specimen was obtained, relative to the sampling location. NOTE Where a specimen has a relatedSamplingFeature whose location provides an unambiguous elevation then this attribute is not required. However, if the specific elevationat the location, then this attribute supports its description.
domain: Specimen
range: Elevation

Observation process
type: Class
comment: Process used in an observation, including sensors, algorithms, computation methods The result of application of an observation process is an observation result - i.e. an estimate of a property value.
description: Process used in an observation, including sensors, algorithms, computation methods
equivalent class: Process

related sampling feature
type: ObjectProperty
range: Sampling Feature

Elevation
type: Class
comment: Simple model for elevation, expressed as a vertical offset from a datum
subclass of: Restriction
  max cardinality: 1
  on property: vertical (elevation) datum
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: vertical offset from a datum

Sample transformation agent
type: Class
comment: Agent, device, protocol, or plan responsible for transforming a sampling features. The result of a operation of a sample trasnformation agent is a - new or - transformed sample.
description: Agent, device, protocol, or plan involved in sampling. This may include specimen retrieval or processing, surveying a spatial sampling feature, excavation to provide access to a sampling feature, or any other process whose outcome is a new sampling feature.
disjoint with: Observation process
equivalent class: Sampling process

has member
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Collection of sampling features
range: Sampling Feature

Collection of sampling features
type: Class
comment: Collection of features on which observations may be made, which are intended to be representative of one or more features that are not fully accessible for some reason. The features that the member sampling features are intended to sample may be indicated by one or more sampledFeature properties. If only one is present then it may be inferred that this is the sampled feature of all the member sampling features, unless locally overridden.
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 1
  on property: has member
description: Collection of features on which observations may be made, which are intended to be representative of one or more features that are not fully accessible for some reason.

Spatial surface
type: Class
comment: This stub is included in the sam: ontology to support constraints on the sam:shape property of a sam:SamplingSurface. An existing OWL class that represents the notion of a Surface may be asserted to be a sub-class of this stub, but without requiring use of any particular representation of Surface in the context of a sam:SamplingSurface instance.
subclass of: Geometry object
description: 2-D geometric object, whose exterior is a ring or polygon

Geometry object
type: Class
comment: Geometry object has properties relating to geometry, incuding positional and topological attributes, reference system, accuracy and precision. Might be geolocated. This stub is included in the sam: ontology to support references to geometry in various places. An existing concrete OWL class that represents the notion of a geometry may be asserted to be a sub-class of this stub, without requiring use of a specific representation of Geometry in the context of sampling.
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Location
description: Geometry object has properties relating to geometry, incuding positional and topological attributes, reference system, accuracy and precision. Might be geolocated.
equivalent class: GeometryObject

vertical (elevation) datum
type: ObjectProperty

Sampling process
type: Class
comment: Agent, device, protocol, or plan responsible for transforming a sampling features. The result of a application of a sampling process is a - new or - transformed sample.
description: Agent, device, protocol, or plan involved in sampling. This may include specimen retrieval or processing, surveying a spatial sampling feature, excavation to provide access to a sampling feature, or any other process whose outcome is a new sampling feature.
disjoint with: Observation process
equivalent class: Sample transformation agent

Sampling surface
type: Class
comment: Spatial sampling feature whose shape is a 2-D manifold (Surface) Scene, swath, cross-section, level, quadrat, area-of-interest, fence, etc.
subclass of: Spatial sampling feature
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Spatial surface
  on property: spatial sampling feature shape
description: Spatial sampling feature whose shape is a 2-D manifold (Surface)

spatial sampling feature shape
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Spatial sampling feature
range: Geometry object
definition: The association Geometry shall link an SF_SpatialSamplingFeature to a GM_Object that describes its shape.

vertical offset from a datum
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Datatype
  union of: float
  union of: double
  union of: decimal

sampling time
type: FunctionalProperty
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: samplingTime records when the specimen was retrieved from the sampled feature.
domain: Specimen
range: dateTime

sampled feature
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A sampling feature is established in order to make observations concerning some domain feature. The association Intention shall link the SF_SamplingFeature to the feature which the sampling feature was designed to sample. The target of this association has the role sampledFeature with respect to the sampling feature, and shall not be a sampling feature or observation. It is usually a real-world feature from an application domain (Figures 5 and 10). EXAMPLE A profile typically samples a water- or atmospheric-column; a well samples the water in an aquifer; a tissue specimen samples a part of an organism.
domain: Class
  union of: Sampling Feature
  union of: Collection of sampling features

Spatial solid
type: Class
comment: 3-D geometric object, whose exterior is a shell This stub is included in the sam: ontology to support constraints on the sam:shape property of a sam:SamplingSolid. An existing OWL class that represents the notion of a Solid may be asserted to be a sub-class of this stub, but without requiring use of any particular representation of Solid in the context of a sam:SamplingSolid instance.
subclass of: Geometry object
description: 3-D geometric object, whose exterior is a shell

Spatial point
type: Class
comment: 0-D geometric object This stub is included in the sam: ontology to support constraints on the sam:shape property of a sam:SamplingPoint. An existing OWL class that represents the notion of a Point may be asserted to be a sub-class of this stub, but without requiring use of any particular representation of Point in the context of a sam:SamplingPoint instance.
subclass of: Geometry object
description: 0-D geometric object

Spatial curve
type: Class
comment: 1-D geometric object This stub is included in the sam: ontology to support constraints on the sam:shape property of a sam:SamplingCurve. An existing OWL class that represents the notion of a Curve may be asserted to be a sub-class of this stub, but without requiring use of any particular representation of Curve in the context of a sam:SamplingCurve instance.
subclass of: Geometry object
description: 1-D geometric object

current location
type: ObjectProperty
comment: If present, the attribute currentLocation:Location shall describe the location of a physical specimen. This may be a storage location, such as a shelf in a warehouse or a drawer in a museum. NOTE If a specimen no longer exists, for example, it was destroyed in connection with an observation act, then the currentLocation should be omitted or carry a suitable null indicator.
domain: Specimen
range: Location

Sampling feature complex
type: Class
comment: Resource that relates a sampling feature to another sampling feature with a role indicating the nature of the relationship. Sampling features are frequently related to each other, as parts of complexes, through sub-sampling, and in other ways. If present, the association class SamplingFeatureComplex (Figure 9) shall link an SF_SamplingFeature to another SF_SamplingFeature.
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 0
  on property: related sampling feature
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: role
description: Resource that relates a sampling feature to another sampling feature with a role indicating the nature of the relationship.

sampling method
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Process used to obtain the Specimen from its sampledFeature
domain: Specimen
range: Sampling process

Sampling Feature
type: Class
comment: The value for the property 'sampledFeature' may be inherited from a container resource.
comment: Feature on which observations may be made, which is intended to be representative of a different (usually larger) feature that is not fully accessible for some reason. Sampling features are artefacts of an observational strategy, and have no significant function outside of their role in the observation process. The physical characteristics of the features themselves are of little interest, except perhaps to the manager of a sampling campaign. EXAMPLE A “station” is essentially an identifiable locality where a sensor system or procedure may be deployed and an observation made. In the context of the observation model, it connotes the “world in the vicinity of the station”, so the observed properties relate to the physical medium at the station, and not to any physical artefact such as a mooring, buoy, benchmark, monument, well, etc. NOTE A transient sampling feature, such as a ships-track or flight-line, might be identified and described, but is unlikely to be revisited exactly. A sampling feature is intended to sample some feature-of-interest in an application domain, so there is an expectation of at least one sampledFeature property. However, in some cases the identity, and even the exact type, of the sampled feature may not be known when observations are made using the sampling features.
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 1
  on property: sampled feature
description: Feature on which observations may be made, which is intended to be representative of a different (usually larger) feature that is not fully accessible for some reason.

sampling location
type: ObjectProperty
comment: If present, the attribute samplingLocation:GM_Object shall describe the location from where the specimen was obtained. NOTE Where a specimen has a relatedSamplingFeature whose location provides an unambiguous location then this attribute is not required. However, if the specific sampling location within the sampledFeature is important, then this attribute supports its description.
domain: Specimen
range: Location

specimen size
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Specimen
range: Measure or quantity
definition: the attribute size:Measure shall describe a physical extent of the specimen. This may be length, mass, volume, etc., as appropriate for the specimen instance and its material class.

Sampling solid
type: Class
comment: Spatial sampling feature whose shape is a 3-D manifold (Solid)
subclass of: Spatial sampling feature
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Spatial solid
  on property: spatial sampling feature shape

Spatial sampling feature
type: Class
comment: Sampling feature whose defining characteristic is that it samples the intended feature by geometric subsetting. When observations are made to estimate properties of a geospatial feature, in particular where the value of a property varies within the scope of the feature, a spatial sampling feature is used. Depending on accessibility and on the nature of the expected property variation, the sampling feature may be extensive in one, two or three spatial dimensions. Processing and visualization methods are often dependent on the topological dimension of the sampling manifold, so this provides a natural classification system for sampling features. This classification follows common practice in focussing on conventional spatial dimensions. Properties observed on sampling features may be time-dependent, but the temporal axis does not generally contribute to the classification of sampling feature classes. Sampling feature identity is usually less time-dependent than the property value.
subclass of: Sampling Feature
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: spatial sampling feature shape
description: Sampling feature whose defining characteristic is that it samples the intended feature by geometric subsetting.

Sampling curve
type: Class
comment: Spatial sampling feature whose shape is a 1-D manifold (Curve) Transect, traverse, flightline, cruise, trajectory, borehole, etc
subclass of: Spatial sampling feature
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Spatial curve
  on property: spatial sampling feature shape
description: Spatial sampling feature whose shape is a 1-D manifold (Curve)

Sampling point
type: Class
comment: Spatial sampling feature whose shape is a 0-D manifold (Point) Often referred to as a 'station', 'pixel', 'probe-spot' etc.
subclass of: Spatial sampling feature
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Spatial point
  on property: spatial sampling feature shape
description: Spatial sampling feature whose shape is a 0-D manifold (Point)

Specimen
type: Class
comment: A Specimen is a physical sample, obtained for observation(s) normally carried out ex-situ, sometimes in a laboratory.
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Sampling Feature
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: sampling time

Measure or quantity
type: Class
comment: Scaled number. This is an abstract class, which should be substituted by a suitable concrete representation of a measure or quantity at run-tme. oml:SimpleMeasure <http://def.seegrid.csiro.au/ontology/om/om-lite#SimpleMeasure> qudt:QuantityValue <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt#QuantityValue> DUL:Region <http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DUL.owl#Region> are candidates.
description: Scaled number.
equivalent class: MeasureObject