Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity.
type: Ontology
version IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.1
abstract: The ontology Metadata4Ing provides a framework for the semantic description of research data and of the whole data generation process, embracing the object of investigation, all sample and data manipulation methods and tools, the data files themselves, and the roles of persons and institutions. The structure and application of the ontology are based on the principles of modularity and inheritance.
bibliographic citation: Metadata4Ing Workgroup (2025). Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity. v1.3.1. http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.1 [ttl, jsonld, nt, rdf/xml]
contributor: Sophia Leimer
contributor: Stephan Hachinger
contributor: Susanne Arndt
contributor: Benjamin Farnbacher
contributor: Džulia Terzijska
contributor: Giacomo Lanza
contributor: Johannes Theissen-Lipp
contributor: Johannes Munke
contributor: Vasiliki Sdralia
contributor: Dorothea Iglezakis
contributor: Alexander Wellmann
contributor: Marc Fuhrmans
created: 2022-02-22
creator: Metadata4Ing Workgroup
issued: 2025-03-10
language: deu
language: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2025-03-10
publisher: NFDI4Ing
references: csba-e454
references: IJMSO.2020.107792
references: tuprints-00024573
references: zenodo.3816686
references: zenodo.3982367
references: zenodo.4846313
references: cordi.v1i.271
replaces: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.0
rights: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
source: zenodo.7362037
source: CoRDI.v1i.271
source: https://nfdi4ing.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Programmheft-NFDI4Ing-Community-Meeting.pdf
subject: NFDI4Ing
subject: http://d-nb.info/gnd/1342271416
subject: http://d-nb.info/gnd/4137304-2
subject: http://d-nb.info/gnd/4384643-9
subject: http://d-nb.info/gnd/4827894-4
doi: zenodo.5957103
status: active
example: first-steps-guide.md
preferred namespace prefix: m4i
extends: emmo#
extends: obo
extends: pims-ii.ttl#
extends: si
audience: Engineers and scientists working with quantitative data
audience: Ingenieure und Forschende, die mit quantitativen Daten arbeiten @de
bug-database: issues
repository: metadata4ing
documentation: metadata4ing
comment: Metadata4Ing defines classes and properties or reuses such classes and properties from other ontologies to describe research processes and research data management in NFDI4Ing. New concepts and properties are located in the namespace of Metadata4Ing. Metadata4Ing does not import complete ontologies for the sake of relevance, readability, understandability and usability by and for engineers. Instead, it tries to make re-use of existing identifiers for classes and properties by re-using all or a relevant subset of the axioms from the original ontology. These statements have been extracted in different ways, e.g. by using Protégé tools importing an ontology and copying axioms of relevant items to Metadata4Ing or by download from data services or raw files of ontologies and manual copypasting. In some cases there was a need to extend or modify the original set of statements about an entity, e.g. because labels and definitions were expressed with a different owl:AnnotationProperty than the rest of Metadata4Ing, or because a skos:preflabel or a skos:definition in any of the languages we would like to support was missing. Any editorial changes on elements from external ontologies are declared in Metadata4Ing by an annotation with skos:editorialNote at item-level. To get the original set of statements we encourage to visit the original namespace of the respective item. Metadata4Ing reuses elements from the following ontologies: - BIRO = Bibliographic Reference Ontology - CR = Croissant - DCAT = Data Catalog - DCC = Digital Calibration Certificate - DCTERMS = Dublin Core Terms - EMMO = European Materials and Modelling Ontology - FOAF = Friend of a Friend - OBO = Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies: - BFO = Basic Formal Ontology - RO = Relation Ontology - OWL = Web Ontology Language - PIMS-II = PIMS Interoperability Infrastructure - PROV = Provenance Namespace - QUDT = Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Types - RDF = Resource Description Framework - RDFS = RDF Schema - S…
label: Metadata4Ing
version info: v1.3.1
funder: 018mejw64
funding: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/442146713
type: NamedIndividual
has distribution: ontology.jsonld
has distribution: ontology.nt
has distribution: ontology.ttl
has distribution: ontology.xml

description
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An account of the resource.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Beschreibung @de

is referenced by
type: AnnotationProperty
description: This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of References.
comment: A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: ist referenziert von @de

references
type: AnnotationProperty
description: This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By.
comment: A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: referenziert @de

title
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A name given to the resource.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Titel @de

affiliation
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An organization that this person is affiliated with. For example, a school/university, a club, or a team.
comment: Eine Organisation, der eine Person angehört @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition
editorial note: changed by m4i: added application example
editorial note: changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label
example: :Person schema:affiliation :Organization .
preferred label: Organisationszugehörigkeit @de

funder
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A person or organization that supports (sponsors) something through some kind of financial contribution.
comment: Eine Person oder Organisation, die etwas finanziell unterstützt @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition
editorial note: changed by m4i: added application example
editorial note: changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label
example: :Project schema:funder :DFG
preferred label: Förderer @de

formula
type: Datatype
definition: A data type to express formulae in a markup language such as MathML or LaTeX. The preferred syntax is Semantic MathML.
editorial note: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Formel @de

date with time
type: Datatype
definition: A combination of date and time of day in the form [-]CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm] (see Chapter 5.4 of ISO 8601)
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Datum mit Zeit @de

field
type: ObjectProperty
domain: record set
range: Field
definition: A data element that appears in the records of the RecordSet (e.g., one column of a table).
definition: Ein Datenelement, das in den Einträgen eines RecordSets erscheint (z.B. eine Spalte einer Tabelle) @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties
preferred label: hat Feld @de

source
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Die Datenquelle eines Feldes in einem Datensatz. Referenziert in der Regel ein cr:FileObject oder cr:FileSet @de
definition: The data source of the field. This will generally reference a FileObject or FileSet's contents (e.g., a specific column of a table).
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties
preferred label: Quelle @de

part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
editorial note: changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition
preferred label: Teil von @de

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
editorial note: changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition
preferred label: hat Teil @de

realized in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: realisiert in @de

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: realisiert @de

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: process
range: process
definition: x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
preferred label: findet statt vor @de

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
editorial note: changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition
preferred label: ist beteiligt an @de

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: qualified association
property chain axiom: has agent
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editorial note: changed by m4i: added a property chain axiom for use with prov:qualifiedAssociation
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
editorial note: changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition
preferred label: hat Teilnehmer @de

immediately precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
domain: process
range: process
definition: X immediately precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: findet statt unmittelbar vor @de

starts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: processing step
range: processing step
alternative label: started by
definition: x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: beginnt mit @de

ends with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: processing step
range: processing step
alternative label: finished by
definition: x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: endet mit @de

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
definition: (x has input y) means x takes specific input as y for further processes
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Input @de

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
definition: (x has output y) means x provides specific output y for the result or further processes
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Output @de

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
definition: (x input of y) means x is a specific input of y to carry out further processes
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Input von @de

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
definition: (x output of y) means x is the specific output of y as the result or further processes
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Output von @de

is related to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A is related to B iff there is some relation between A and B.
definition: A ist verwandt zu B wenn eine Beziehnung zwischen beiden besteht
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels
preferred label: ist verwandt mit @de

represents
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: refers to
definition: A represents B when A serves as a sign, symbol or model of B.
definition: A repräsentiert B wenn es als ein Zeichen, Symbol oder Modell von B dient
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels
preferred label: repräsentiert @de

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is related to
definition: refers to is a relation between one entity and the entity that it makes reference to.
definition: bezieht sich auf ist eine Relation zwischen einer Entität und einer anderen Entität, auf die sie sich bezieht
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels
preferred label: bezieht sich auf @de

has admissible unit
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is admissible unit for
domain: Class
  union of: quantity kind
  union of: numerical variable
range: unit
comment: redundant information: applicable unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL constraint.
deprecated: true
definition: DEPRECATED (x hasAdmissibleUnit y) means that y is a unit that can be associated with the variable x
preferred label: hat als zulässige Einheit @de

has admissible value
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is admissible value for
domain: variable
range: value
definition: (x hasAdmissibleValue y) means that y is a value that can be assigned to the variable x
preferred label: hat als zulässigen Wert @de

has assigned value
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is value in assignment
domain: assignment
range: value
definition: (a hasAssignedValue y) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
preferred label: hat zugewiesenen Wert @de

has coverage interval
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has uncertainty declaration
domain: numerical variable
range: coverage interval
definition: Associates an si:Real quantity value with an si:CoverageInterval
preferred label: hat Überdeckungsintervall @de

has employed tool
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: uses instrument
inverse of: is employed tool
domain: processing step
range: tool
definition: Points to a tool that is used within a given processing step
definition: verweist auf ein Werkzeug, das in einem Arbeitsschritt verwendet wurde @de
preferred label: hat eingesetztes Werkzeug @de

has expanded uncertainty
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has uncertainty declaration
domain: numerical variable
range: expanded uncertainty
definition: Relates an si:Real to its expanded uncertainty
preferred label: hat erweiterte Unsicherheit @de

has kind of quantity
type: ObjectProperty
domain: numerical variable
range: quantity kind
definition: Points to the property characterization (i.e., to the kind of quantity) from a controlled vocabulary
note: we recommend using a persistent identifier resolving to a persistent URL
preferred label: hat Größenart @de

has parameter
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: method
  union of: tool
range: variable
definition: Points to a parameter of a given method or tool.
preferred label: hat Parameter @de

has runtime assignment
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
sub property of:
  inverse of: is assignment for
domain: processing step
range: assignment
definition: Points to an assignment that is neither input nor output
preferred label: hat Laufzeitzuweisung @de

has uncertainty declaration
type: ObjectProperty
domain: numerical variable
range: uncertainty declaration
definition: Associates an si:Real quantity value with its mandatory uncertainty declaration (i.e., with an expanded uncertainty or a coverage interval)
preferred label: hat Unsicherheitsdeklaration @de

has unit
type: ObjectProperty
domain: numerical variable
range: unit
definition: Represents the unit of a numerical (real) value
definition: Repräsentiert die Einheit eines numerischen (reelen) Wertes @de
note: Kardinalität dieser Property bei der Beschreibung eines si:Real: 0-1 @de
note: Obligation dieser Property bei der Beschreibung eines si:Real: recommended @de
note: We recommend using a resolvable PID from a controlled vocabulary, such as ISO 80000, IEC or QUDT
note: cardinality of this property for the description of a si:Real: 0-1
note: obligation of this property for the description of a si:Real: recommended
preferred label: hat Einheit @de

has variable
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is variable in assignment
domain: assignment
range: variable
definition: ( a hasVariable x ) bedeutet, dass a: x = y eine Variablenzuordnung ist, in der der Variablen x ein Wert zugeordnet wird. @de
definition: ( a hasVariable x ) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
preferred label: hat Variable @de

implemented by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: implemented by
inverse of: implements
domain: method
range: tool
definition: Points to a tool that implements a given method
preferred label: wird implementiert durch @de

implements
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: implements
domain: tool
range: method
definition: Points to a method that is implemented by a given tool
preferred label: implementiert @de

associated to project
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: project participant
domain: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
range: project
definition: A property that connects a person or an organization with a project.
preferred label: gehört zu Projekt @de

investigates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: processing step
range: Thing
definition: (x investigates y) means that x is about y, in the context of scientific research and development
preferred label: untersucht @de

investigates property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: investigates
domain: processing step
range: property
broader: hasRepresentamen
definition: (x investigatesProperty y) means that x is about target property y, in the context of scientific research and development
preferred label: untersucht Eigenschaft @de

is employed tool
type: ObjectProperty
domain: tool
range: processing step
definition: Points to a processing step the tool has been used in
definition: verweist auf einen Arbeitsschritt, in dem das Werkzeug eingesetzt wurde @de
preferred label: ist eingesetztes Werkzeug @de

project participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: project
range: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
definition: A property that connects a project with a person or an organisation.
preferred label: hat Projektmitglied @de

realizes method
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: realizes
domain: processing step
range: method
definition: Points to a method that is used within a given processing step
preferred label: realisiert Methode @de

represents variable
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: represents
domain: Field
range: variable
definition: Points to a variable that is represented through a field within a recordset
preferred label: repräsentiert Variable @de

is admissible unit for
type: ObjectProperty
domain: unit
range: Class
  union of: quantity kind
  union of: numerical variable
comment: redundant information: admissible unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL contraint.
deprecated: true
definition: DEPRECATED (x isAdmissibleUnitFor y) means that x is a unit that can be associated with the variable y; subsumption under msHPIPIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is a description of admissible values of y) of which x is constitutive (and with which x hence overlaps)
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: ist zulässige Einheit für @de

is admissible value for
type: ObjectProperty
domain: value
range: variable
definition: (x isAdmissibleValueFor y) means that x is a value that can be assigned to the variable y; subsumption under msIPIRIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is the range of admissible values of y), for which in turn there is another sign z' (where z' lists members of z, explicitly including x) of which x is a part
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: ist zulässiger Wert für @de

is assignment for
type: ObjectProperty
domain: assignment
broader: isRepresentamenFor
definition: (o isAssignment for d) means that d: x = y is an assignment that refers to o; e.g., x may be temperature, y may be a temperature value, and o may be an object of which the temperature has been measured or some other context to which the assignment refers
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: ist Zuweisung in Bezug auf @de

is value in assignment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: value
range: assignment
broader: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
definition: (y isValueInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: ist Wert in Zuweisung @de

is variable in assignment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: variable
range: assignment
broader: isSemioticallyConstitutiveOf
definition: (x isVariableInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where a value y is assigned to the variable x
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: ist Variable in Zuweisung @de

compression format
type: ObjectProperty
domain: distribution
definition: The compression format of the distribution in which the data is contained in a compressed form, e.g. to reduce the size of the downloadable file.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: Kompressionsformat @de
scope note: This property is to be used when the files in the distribution are compressed, e.g. in a ZIP file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available.

has distribution
type: ObjectProperty
domain: dataset
range: distribution
definition: An available distribution of the dataset.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: hat Verteilung @de

download URL
type: ObjectProperty
domain: distribution
definition: The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dcterms:format and/or dcat:mediaType.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: Downloadlink @de
scope note: dcat:downloadURL SHOULD be used for the address at which this distribution is available directly, typically through a HTTP Get request.

in series
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
domain: dataset
range: dataset series
comment: Normally, child datasets in dataset series are represented as dcat:Dataset. The use of dcat:Distribution for typing child datasets is however recognized as a possible alternative, whenever it addresses more effectively the requirements of a given application scenario.
definition: A dataset series of which the dataset is part.
editorial note: changed by m4i: changed subproperty relation from DCTerms to OBO_000050 added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, extracted from DCAT3-Documentation https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Dataset_Series
preferred label: in Serie @de

media type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: distribution
definition: The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: Medientyp @de
scope note: This property SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in the IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, otherwise dcterms:format MAY be used with different values.

packaging format
type: ObjectProperty
domain: distribution
definition: The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: Packformat @de
scope note: This property to be used when the files in the distribution are packaged, e.g. in a TAR file, a Frictionless Data Package or a Bagit file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available.

has agent
type: ObjectProperty
range: agent
definition: The prov:agent property is used to reference an agent that had a role in an activity.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german label, added skos:prefLabel
editorial note: changed by m4i: simplified definition
preferred label: hat Akteur @de

had role
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: was role in
domain: association
definition: prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity)
editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, simplified definition, simplified rdfs:domain to prov:Association
preferred label: hatte Rolle @de

qualified association
type: ObjectProperty
domain: activity
range: association
definition: Allows to specify more information (e.g. a role) about an association between an agent (e.g. a person) and an Activity (e.g. a processing step).
definition: Ermöglicht die Angabe weiterer Informationen (z.B. einer Rolle) zu einer Verknüpfung zwischen einem Agenten (z.B. einer Person) und einer Aktivität (z.B. einem Prozessschritt). @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german label, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, skos:example and skos:note
example: Example application in m4i: :SomeProcess a m4i:ProcessingStep; obo:RO_0000057 :SomePerson; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :SomePerson; prov:hadRole :SomeRole; rdfs:comment ":SomePerson had the :SomeRole in this :SomeProcess"@en ] ; skos:prefLabel "has qualified association"@en , "hat qualifizierte Beziehung"@de . The direct relation between an activity and an agent expressed with 'has participant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057 or http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) does not give details about the agent's role in that activity. Using the property prov:qualifiedAssociation one can point to a blank node (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blank_node) containing additional information about the participation relation.
note: In metadata4ing use obo:RO_0000057 or prov:wasAssociatedWith as unqualified form for the relation between an activity and an agent.
preferred label: näher beschriebene Verbindung @de

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
alternative label: wasAssociateFor
definition: property between an agent and an activity with which the agent was associated with or participates in
editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added German skos:preflabel; added own skos:definition
preferred label: ist beteiligt an @de

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: activity
range: agent
property chain axiom: qualified association
property chain axiom: has agent
alternative label: wasAssociatedWith
definition: property between some activity and an agent involved in that activity
editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, moved original rdfs:label to skos:altLabel, added German skos:preflabel; added own skos:definition
preferred label: hat Teilnehmer @de

was role in
type: ObjectProperty
definition: prov:wasRoleIn references the association (e.g. between an agent and an activity) in which a role shall be defined. Inverse property of prov:hadRole.
editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, added skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: war Rolle in @de

has property
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is property of
definition: Relation between an entity and a Property of that entity.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels
preferred label: hat Eigenschaft @de

implemented by
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Beziehung zwischen einer Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode) und einer Entität, die diese Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert. @de
definition: Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition
preferred label: wird implementiert durch @de

implements
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Beziehung zwischen einer Entität, die eine Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert, und der Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode). @de
definition: Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method).
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition
preferred label: implementiert @de

is property of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels
preferred label: ist Eigenschaft von @de

personal mailbox
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: Thing
comment: A personal mailbox, ie. an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of this mailbox. This is a 'static inverse functional property', in that there is (across time and change) at most one individual that ever has any particular value for foaf:mbox.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: E-Mail-Adresse @de

uses instrument
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
domain: activity
definition: points to an object that helped the agent perform the action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen)
editorial note: changed by m4i: added different skos:prefLabel, added german label
editorial note: changed by m4i: domain changed to prov:Activity from schema:Action
preferred label: nutzt Instrument @de

usage instruction
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: processing step
range: Datatype
  union of: Literal
  union of: string
definition: Textual description of a processing step within a research process to enable or facilitate its reproducibility
definition: Textuelle Beschreibung eines Verarbeitungsschritts innerhalb eines Forschungsprozesses, um dessen Reproduzierbarkeit zu erleichtern oder zu ermöglichen @de
preferred label: Verwendungshinweis @de

project end date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: project
range: date
definition: Projektenddatum @de
definition: end date of a project
preferred label: Projektenddatum @de

has assignment timestamp
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has timestamp
domain: assignment
range: date with time
definition: Points to a timestamp associated with an assignment; there are multiple kinds of timestamp datatype properties, which are included here from schema.org
preferred label: hat Zuweisungszeitstempel @de

has date assignment created
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has assignment timestamp
domain: assignment
range: date with time
broader: dateCreated
definition: Points to a date(time) of creation of an assignment
preferred label: hat Datumszuweisung erzeugt @de

has date assignment deleted
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has assignment timestamp
domain: assignment
range: date with time
broader: dateDeleted
definition: Points to a date(time) of deletion of an assignment
preferred label: hat Datumszuweisung gelöscht @de

has date assignment modified
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has assignment timestamp
domain: assignment
range: date with time
broader: dateModified
definition: Points to a date(time) of modification of an assignment
preferred label: hat Datumszuweisung bearbeitet @de

has date assignment valid from
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has assignment timestamp
domain: assignment
range: date with time
broader: validFrom
definition: Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment begins
preferred label: hat Datumszuweisung gültig ab @de

has date assignment valid until
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has assignment timestamp
domain: assignment
range: date with time
broader: validThrough
definition: Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment ends
preferred label: hat Datumszuweisung gültig bis @de

has maximum value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
domain: numerical variable
range: Datatype
  union of: decimal
  union of: formula
broader: value
broader: isLiterally
broader: hasValue
definition: Represents the highest value of a multi-valued variable
preferred label: hat Maximalwert @de

has minimum value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
domain: numerical variable
range: Datatype
  union of: decimal
  union of: formula
broader: value
broader: isLiterally
broader: hasValue
definition: Represents the lowest value of a multi-valued variable
preferred label: hat Minimalwert @de

has numerical value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
domain: numerical variable
range: Datatype
  union of: decimal
  union of: formula
broader: value
broader: isLiterally
broader: hasValue
definition: Represents the numerical value of a real
preferred label: hat Zahlenwert @de

has ROR ID
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has identifier
domain: organization
range: Datatype
  on datatype: string
  with restrictions:
    pattern: https://ror.org/[0-9][0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][0-9][0-9]
alternative label: has research organization registry id
alternative label: hat Forschungsorganisationsid @de
definition: A Research Organization Registry identifier that persistently and uniquely identifies a research organization
definition: Ein persistenter Identifikator für Organisationen, vergeben durch die Research Organization Registry, der eine Forschungseinrichtung eindeutig identifiziert. @de
preferred label: hat ROR ID @de

has step size
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
domain: numerical variable
range: Datatype
  union of: decimal
  union of: formula
broader: value
broader: isLiterally
broader: hasValue
definition: Describes the spacing of a multi-valued variable
preferred label: hat Schrittweite @de

has string value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
domain: text variable
range: string
definition: A character string of any length
definition: Eine Zeichenkette (Text) beliebiger Länge. @de
preferred label: hat Zeichenwert @de

has symbol
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: variable
range: string
broader: symbol
definition: Buchstabe oder Zeichenkette, die eine Variable repräsentiert @de
definition: Letter or string that denotes a variable
preferred label: hat Symbol @de

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: variable
definition: A value of any type
definition: Ein beliebiger Wert @de
preferred label: hat Wert @de

has variable description
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: variable
range: string
definition: Textual and human readable description of a variable in a research context
definition: Textuelle und menschenlesbare Beschreibung einer Variablen im Forschungskontext @de
preferred label: hat Variablenbeschreibung @de

has identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: string
alternative label: besitzt eindeutigen Identifikator @de
alternative label: has unique identifier
alternative label: is represented through identifier
alternative label: wird durch Identifikator repräsentiert @de
definition: A systematically built alphanumeric string that identifies a unique object (e.g. a person, a publication, an organisation, a research activity, a sample, etc.) or a unique class of objects.
preferred label: hat Identifikator @de

has ORCID ID
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has identifier
domain: person
range: Datatype
  on datatype: string
  with restrictions:
    pattern: https://orcid.org/[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9X]
definition: Open Researcher and Contributor ID: an identifier, that allows unique identification of a person, usually active in research.
definition: Open Researcher and Contributor ID: ein persistenter Identifikator, der eine in der Forschung tätige Person eindeutig identifiziert. @de
preferred label: hat ORCID ID @de

has project ID
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has identifier
domain: project
range: string
definition: An alphanumeric identifier for a project. We recommend using an identifier which is understandable outside the involved institutions and possibly resolvable and persistent, such as the [Research Activity Identifier (RAiD)](https://raid.org/) or a funder-given ID (see for example the [DFG project database](https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/OCTOPUS) or the [EU project database](https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/projects-results)).
definition: Eine alphanumerische ID zur Referenzierung eines Projekts. Wir empfehlen die Nutzung einer auch außerhalb der teilnehmenden Institutionen verständlichen ID, am besten persistent und mit einem Resolving-System verknüpft, wie bspw. die [Research Activity Identifier (RAiD)](https://raid.org/) oder eine von einem Förderer zugewiesene ID (siehe bspw. die [DFG-Projektendatenbank](https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/OCTOPUS) oder die [EU-Projektendatenbank](https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/projects-results)). @de
preferred label: hat Projekt-ID @de

project start date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: project
range: date
definition: Startdatum eines Projekts @de
definition: start date of a project
preferred label: Projektstartdatum @de

file size (in bytes)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: distribution
definition: The size of a distribution in bytes.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: Dateigröße (in Byte) @de
scope note: The size in bytes can be approximated when the precise size is not known. The literal value of dcat:byteSize should by typed as xsd:decimal.

spatial resolution (in metres)
type: DatatypeProperty
range: decimal
definition: Minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in metres.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition, adjusted spelling conform to SI
preferred label: räumliche Auflösung (in Metern) @de
scope note: Alternative spatial resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions.
scope note: If the dataset is an image or grid this should correspond to the spacing of items. For other kinds of spatial dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest distance between items in the dataset.

temporal resolution
type: DatatypeProperty
range: duration
definition: Minimum time period resolvable in a dataset.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: zeitliche Auflösung @de
scope note: Alternative temporal resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions.
scope note: If the dataset is a time-series this should correspond to the spacing of items in the series. For other kinds of dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest time difference between items in the dataset.

first name
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The first name of a person.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Vorname @de

last name
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: The last name of a person.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Nachname @de

salutation
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
comment: Title (Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr. etc)
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, defined rdfs:domain and rdfs:range
preferred label: Anrede @de

has coverage factor
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: expanded uncertainty
range: Datatype
  on datatype: decimal
  with restrictions:
    min inclusive: 1.0
definition: points to the coverage factor, i.e., to a factor (greater than or equal to unity) by which the expanded uncertainty relates to the standard uncertainty
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Überdeckungsfaktor @de

has coverage probability
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: uncertainty declaration
range: Datatype
  on datatype: decimal
  with restrictions:
    min inclusive: 0.0
  with restrictions:
    max inclusive: 1.0
definition: points to the probability (between 0 and 1) ascribed to the event of the actual value falling within the range asserted by the given uncertainty declaration
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Deckungswahrscheinlichkeit @de

has statistical distribution
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: uncertainty declaration
range: string
definition: points to a descriptor/label of the assumed underlying distribution
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat statistische Verteilung @de

has interval maximum
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: coverage interval
range: decimal
definition: upper boundary of the coverage interval
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Intervallmaximum @de

has interval minimum
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: coverage interval
range: decimal
definition: lower boundary of the coverage interval
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Intervallminimum @de

has standard uncertainty
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: coverage interval
range: Datatype
  on datatype: decimal
  with restrictions:
    min inclusive: 0.0
definition: The standard measurement uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Standardunsicherheit @de

has uncertainty
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: expanded uncertainty
range: Datatype
  on datatype: decimal
  with restrictions:
    min inclusive: 0.0
definition: absolute magnitude of the indicated uncertainty
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: hat Unsicherheit @de

end time
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: processing step
range: date with time
comment: The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label
preferred label: Endzeit @de

start time
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: processing step
range: date with time
comment: The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label
preferred label: Startzeit @de

has timestamp
type: DatatypeProperty
range: date with time
definition: The 'temporal' property can be used in cases where more specific properties (e.g., dateCreated, dateModified, datePublished) are not known to be appropriate
editorial note: changed by m4i: added different skos:prefLabel, added german label
preferred label: hat Zeitstempel @de

Field
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
definition: A component of the structure of a RecordSet, such as a column of a table.
definition: Ein Bestandteil der Struktur eines RecordSets wie z.B. eine Spalte einer Tabelle @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition
preferred label: Feld @de

file object
type: Class
subclass of: CreativeWork
definition: An individual file that is part of a dataset.
definition: Eine Einzeldatei, die Teil eines Datensatzes ist. @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Dateiobject @de

file set
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
definition: A set of homogeneous files extracted from a container, optionally filtered by inclusion and/or exclusion filters.
definition: Ein Satz homogener Dateien, die aus einem Container extrahiert wurden, optional gefiltert durch Einschluss- und/oder Ausschlussfilter. @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Dateimenge @de

record set
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
definition: A description of a set of structured records from one or more data sources and their structure, expressed as a set of fields.
definition: Eine Beschreibung einer Menge strukturierter Einträge von einer oder mehrerer Datenquellen mit ihrer Struktur, ausgedrückt durch eine Menge von Feldern @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Menge von Einträgen @de

process
type: Class
definition: Process, i.e., a physical entity with a temporal evolution that 'has a meaning for the ontologist'
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Prozess @de

realizable entity
type: Class
definition: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: realisierbare Entität @de

bibliographic record
type: Class
comment: A record that uniquely describes a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic record is a set of entities describing aspects of the referenced work, including, for example, but not restricted to: authors, title, journal, publication year, DOI, ISSN, publisher and copyright information, or, in the case of a data publication: creators, title, version, archive, publication year, DOI or other identifier). The FRBR expression of a bibliographic record is a bibliographic reference, which usually contains only a sub-set of these entities, ordered in a particular way that corresponds to the house style of the publication in which it occurs.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: bibliografischer Eintrag @de

quantity kind
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
comment: A Quantity Kind is any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity.
definition: Kind of quantity, i.e., a physical/chemical quantity from a controlled vocabulary, such as QUDT, IEC, or EMMO
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
note: we recommend using a persistent identifier resolving to a persistent URL
preferred label: Größenart @de

unit
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
definition: A unit of measure, or unit is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of physical quanitity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as Q = nU.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added German label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Einheit @de

method
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: Abstract description of a method for analysis, generation and transformation of data and material objects like, e.g., 'Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy' or 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation'. Note that while values for relevant parameters should be provided, m4i:Method does not refer to the actual execution of the process that is described (use m4i:ProcessingStep for that), but rather a description of the underlying principle.
preferred label: Methode @de

numerical assignment
type: Class
subclass of: assignment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: is value in assignment
  some values from: real
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: is variable in assignment
  min cardinality: 1
definition: Assignment by which a variable (e.g., a physical property) is assigned an si:Real quantity value (scalar x measurement unit) in some context (e.g., applied to some object of research)
preferred label: numerische Zuweisung @de

numerical variable
type: Class
subclass of: variable
definition: A variable that expects a float or integer as a value
definition: Eine Variable, die eine Zahl als Wert erwartet @de
preferred label: numerische Variable @de

processing step
type: Class
subclass of: activity
definition: Specific action undertaken during research
preferred label: Arbeitsschritt @de

text variable
type: Class
subclass of: variable
definition: A variable that expects a string of characters as a value
definition: Eine Variable, die eine Zeichenkette als Wert erwartet @de
preferred label: textbasierte Variable @de

tool
type: Class
definition: Object that helps an agent perform an action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen), i.e., an object of the relation schema:instrument or m4i:hasTool
preferred label: Werkzeug @de

uncertainty declaration
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
definition: Declaration that can be applied to an si:Real quantity value to give an assessment of uncertainty
preferred label: Unsicherheitsdeklaration @de

assignment
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: is value in assignment
  some values from: value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: is variable in assignment
  some values from: variable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is assignment for
  min cardinality: 1
comment: Assignment, i.e., a data item by which a value is assigned to a variable with respect to a particular referent (e.g., T = 200 K for substance o as it was measured in a particular cognitive step); therein, T is the variable, related to the assignment by m4i:hasVariable, 200 K is the value, related to the assignment by m4i:hasValue, and o is the referent, related to the assignment by isAssignmentFor
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Zuweisung @de

property
type: Class
subclass of: variable
broader: BFO_0000020
definition: Property, i.e., a variable that can be considered (as an investigated property, i.e., target property) within a processing step
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Eigenschaft @de

quantity value
type: Class
subclass of: value
definition: Quantity value, i.e., a value that has a numerical magnitude and a physical unit
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Größenwert @de

value
type: Class
subclass of: intangible
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is admissible value for
  min cardinality: 1
definition: Value, i.e., an articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Wert @de

variable
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: is admissible value for
  some values from: value
subclass of: intangible
definition: Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Variable @de

dataset
type: Class
equivalent class: Dataset
comment: A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: Datensatz @de
scope note: The notion of dataset in DCAT is broad and inclusive, with the intention of accommodating resource types arising from all communities. Data comes in many forms including numbers, text, pixels, imagery, sound and other multi-media, and potentially other types, any of which might be collected into a dataset.
scope note: This class describes the conceptual dataset. One or more representations might be available, with differing schematic layouts and formats or serializations.

dataset series
type: Class
subclass of: dataset
definition: A collection of datasets that are published separately, but share some common characteristics that groups them.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, extracted from DCAT3-Documentation https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Dataset_Series
preferred label: Datensatzserie @de

distribution
type: Class
definition: A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above).
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition
preferred label: Verteilung @de

activity
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
definition: Eine Aktivität ist etwas, das über einen Zeitraum und mit oder an Entitäten erfolgt; dazu kann das Verbrauchen, Verarbeiten, Transformieren, Modifizieren, Relokalisieren, Verwenden, oder die Genese von Entitäten gehören. @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Aktivität @de

agent
type: Class
definition: An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances
preferred label: Akteur @de

association
type: Class
comment: An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ].
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Verknüpfung @de

organization
type: Class
subclass of: agent
definition: An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc.
definition: Eine Organisation ist eine soziale oder rechtliche Institution wie ein Unternehmen, ein Verein usw. @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances
preferred label: Organisation @de

person
type: Class
subclass of: agent
definition: Eine Person als Akteur ist eine natürliche Person, also ein handelnder Mensch. @de
definition: Person agents are people.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances
preferred label: Person @de

role
type: Class
definition: A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Rolle des Akteurs @de

software agent
type: Class
subclass of: agent
definition: A software agent is running software.
definition: Ein Software als Akteur ist ein Stück laufender Programmcode, der eine Aufgabe in einem Prozess übernimmt. @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances
preferred label: Software-Akteur @de

Agent
type: Class
comment: DEPRECATED An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).
comment: exchanged foaf:Agent by prov:Agent to fulfill range definition of prov:agent property
deprecated: true

Group
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: DEPRECATED A class of Agents.
comment: Remove foaf:Group, use prov:Organization instead
deprecated: true

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: DEPRECATED An organization.
comment: Replace foaf:Organization by prov:Organization
deprecated: true

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: DEPRECATED A person.
comment: Replace foaf:Person by prov:Person
deprecated: true

coverage interval
type: Class
subclass of: uncertainty declaration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has coverage probability
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has interval maximum
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has interval minimum
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has standard uncertainty
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has statistical distribution
  max cardinality: 1
definition: Structure for stating a probabilistic-symmetric coverage interval for a real uncertainty, to be applied to an si:Real quantity value
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Überdeckungsintervall @de

expanded uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: uncertainty declaration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has coverage factor
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has coverage probability
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has uncertainty
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has statistical distribution
  max cardinality: 1
definition: Structure for stating an expanded measurement, model, or simulation uncertainty, e.g., to be applied to an si:Real quantity value
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: erweiterte Unsicherheit @de

real
type: Class
subclass of: numerical variable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has uncertainty declaration
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has numerical value
  cardinality: 1
definition: (Real value +- uncertainty) x measurement unit, i.e., a scalar value with a measurement unit and an uncertainty indication
editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel
preferred label: Reell @de

intangible
type: Class
definition: A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc.
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Ungreifbares @de

project
type: Class
comment: An enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative), planned to achieve a particular aim
comment: Ein typischerweise kollektives Unterfangen zum Erreichen eines vorab geplanten Ziels @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition, shortened definition
editorial note: changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: Projekt @de

research project
type: Class
subclass of: project
comment: A research project
comment: ein Forschungsprojekt @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition
editorial note: changed by m4i: changed label to "research project" (no CamelCase)
editorial note: changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label
preferred label: Forschungsprojekt @de

NFDI4Ing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

contact person
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person with knowledge of how to access, troubleshoot, or otherwise field issues related to the resource
preferred label: Kontaktperson @de
scope note: May also be the "Point of Contact" in an organisation that controls access to the resource, if that organisation is different from the Publisher, Distributor, and Data Manager.

data collector
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data under the guidelines of the author(s) or Principal Investigator (PI)
preferred label: Datenerfasser*in @de
scope note: May also be used when crediting survey conductors, interviewers, event or condition observers, or persons responsible for monitoring key instrument data.

data curator
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person tasked with reviewing, enhancing, cleaning, or standardizing metadata and the associated data submitted for storage, use, and maintenance within a data centre or repository
preferred label: Datenkurator*in @de
scope note: While the DataManager is concerned with digital maintenance, the DataCurator's role encompasses quality assurance focused on content and metadata. DataCurator responsibilities include: checking completeness of the submitted dataset against the content as described by the submitter; verifying standard metadata according to the applicable system or schema; adding or verifying specialized metadata to add value and ensure access across disciplines; and determining how the metadata might map to search engines, database products, and automated feeds. Repository managers as well as data librarians working in the repository fall within this category. Example: https://doi.org/10.20375/0000-000D-1D1F-2

data manager
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person (or organisation with a staff of data managers, such as a data centre) responsible for maintaining the finished resource
preferred label: Datenverwalter*in @de
scope note: The work done by this person or organisation ensures that the resource is periodically "refreshed" in terms of software/hardware support, is kept available or is protected from unauthorized access, is stored in accordance with industry standards, and is handled in accordance with the records management requirements applicable to it. Example: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/41b3ed2e152e1e4c3846e646118208e7

distributor
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Institution tasked with responsibility to generate/disseminate copies of the resource in either electronic or print form
preferred label: Anbieter*in @de
scope note: Works stored in more than one archive/repository may credit each as a distributor.

editor
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: A person who oversees the details related to the publication format of the resource
preferred label: Herausgeber*in @de
scope note: Note: if the Editor is to be credited in place of multiple creators, the Editor's name may be supplied as Creator, with "(Ed.)" appended to the name.

hosting institution
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Typically, the organisation allowing the resource to be available on the internet through the provision of its hardware/software/operating support
preferred label: bereitstellende Institution @de
scope note: This role normally falls on the University, research center or organization where the data center/data repository belongs. EXAMPLE: Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) May also be used for an organisation that stores the data offline-often a data centre if that data centre is not the "publisher" of the resource.

other person
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Any person or institution making a significant contribution to the development and/or maintenance of the resource, but whose contribution is notadequately described by any of the other values for contributorType
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
preferred label: weitere Person @de
scope note: Could be a photographer, artist, or writer whose contribution helped to publicize the resource (as opposed to creating it), a reviewer of the resource, someone providing administrative services to the author (such as depositing updates into an online repository, analysing usage, etc.), or one of many other roles.

producer
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Typically,a person or organisation responsible for the artistry and form of a media product
preferred label: Produzent*in @de
scope note: In the data industry, this may be a company "producing" DVDs that package data for future dissemination by a distributor.

project leader
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person officially designated as head of project team or sub-project team instrumental in the work necessary to development of the resource
preferred label: Projektleiter*in @de
scope note: The Project Leader is not "removed" from the work that resulted in the resource; he or she remains intimately involved

project manager
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person officially designated as manager of a project. Project may consist of one or many project teams and sub-teams.
preferred label: Projektmanager*in @de
scope note: The manager of a project normally has more administrative responsibility than actual work involvement.

project member
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person on the membership list of a designated project/project team
preferred label: Projektmitglied @de
scope note: This vocabulary may or may not indicate the quality, quantity, or substance of the person's involvement.

registration agency
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Institution/organisation officially appointed by a Registration Authority to handle specific tasks within a defined area of responsibility
preferred label: Registrierungsstelle @de
scope note: DataCite is a Registration Agency for the International DOI Foundation (IDF). One of DataCite’s tasks is to assign DOI prefixes to the allocating agents who then assign the full, specific character string to data clients, provide metadata back to the DataCite registry, etc.

registration authority
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: A standards-setting body from which Registration Agencies obtain official recognition and guidance
preferred label: Registrierungsbehörde @de
scope note: The IDF serves as the Registration Authority for the International Standards Organisation (ISO) in the area/domain of Digital Object Identifiers.

related person
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: A person without a specifically defined role in the development of the resource, but who is someone the author wishes to recognize
preferred label: zugehörige Person @de
scope note: This person could be an author's intellectual mentor, a person providing intellectual leadership in the discipline or subject domain, etc.

research group
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Typically refers to a group of individuals with a lab, department, or divisionthathas a specifically defined focus of activity.
preferred label: Forschungsgruppe @de
scope note: May operate at a narrower level of scope; may or may not hold less administrative responsibility than a project team. Example: Space Research & Planetary Sciences Division of the University of Bern (WP Unibe) Source: https://doi.org/10.26302/SSHADE/EXPERIMENT_OP_20201104_001

researcher
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: A person involved in analysing data or the results of an experiment or formal study. May indicate an intern or assistant to one of the authors who helped with research but who was not so “key” as to be listed as an author.
preferred label: Rechercheur*in @de
scope note: Should be a person, not an institution. Note that a person involved in the gathering of data would fall under the contributorType "DataCollector." The researcher may find additional data online and correlate it to the data collected for the experiment or study, for example.

rights holder
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person or institution owning or managing property rights, including intellectual property rights over the resource
preferred label: Rechteinhaber*in @de

sponsor
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Person or organisation that issued a contract or under the auspices of which a work has been written, printed, published, developed, etc.
preferred label: Sponsor*in @de
scope note: Includes organisations that provide in-kind support, through donation, provision of people or a facility or instrumentation necessary for the development of the resource, etc.

supervisor
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: Designated administrator over one or more groups/teams working to produce a resource, or over one or more steps of a development process
preferred label: Betreuer*in @de

work package leader
type: NamedIndividual
type: role
definition: A Work Package is a recognized data product, not all of which is included in publication. The package, instead, may include notes, discarded documents, etc. The Work Package Leader is responsible for ensuring the comprehensive contents, versioning, and availability of the Work Package during the development of the resource.
preferred label: Arbeitspaketleiter*in @de

Sophia Leimer
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Universität Duisburg-Essen

Stephan Hachinger
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ)

Susanne Arndt
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)

Benjamin Farnbacher
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Technische Universität München (TUM)

Džulia Terzijska
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Technische Universität Braunschweig (TUBS)

Giacomo Lanza
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

Johannes Theissen-Lipp
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: RWTH Aachen University

Johannes Munke
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ)

Vasiliki Sdralia
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Technische Universität München (TUM)

Dorothea Iglezakis
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Universität Stuttgart

Alexander Wellmann
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ)

Marc Fuhrmans
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
affiliation: Technische Universität Darmstadt

Technische Universität Braunschweig (TUBS)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Technische Universität München (TUM)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Universität Duisburg-Essen
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Universität Stuttgart
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

RWTH Aachen University
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Technische Universität Darmstadt
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

containedIn
definition: Another FileObject or FileSet that this one is contained in, e.g., in the case of a file extracted from an archive. When this property is present, the contentUrl is evaluated as a relative path within the container object.
definition: Ein weiteres FileObject oder FileSet, in dem das aktuelle enthalten ist. Wenn diese Eigenschaft vorhanden ist, wird die contentUrl als relativer Pfad innerhalb des Container-Objektes interpretiert @de
editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties
preferred label: enthalten in @de