Lemon: The lexicon model for ontologies is designed to allow for descriptions of lexical information regarding ontological elements and other RDF resources. Lemon covers mapping of lexical decomposition, phrase structure, syntax, variation, morphology, and lexicon-ontology mapping.
lemon
A slot representing a gap that must be filled in realising a lexical entry in a given projection
Actant
Argument
Argumento
Аргумент
A constituent element of a lexical entry. This may be a word in a multi-word lexical element or a constituent of a compound word
Bestanddeel
Component
Componente
Composant
Komponente
Компонента
A node within a list of components. This should generally be a blank node,see rdf:List
A given written or spoken realisation of a lexical entry
Form
Forma
Forme
Vorm
Форма
A stereotypical example of the usage of a given lexical entry. The most common example of projections are subcategorization frames which describe the slots taken by the arguments of a verb.
Cadre
Frame
Marco
Raam
Rahmen
Рамка
Structural element for all elements that can be tagged with a language
An evaluable condition on when a sense applies.
Condición léxica
Condition lexicale
Lexical Condition
Lexikaal Voorwaarde
Lexikonbedingung
Лексическое условие
Indicates the pragmatic or discourse context in which a sense applies
Contexte lexical
Contexto léxico
Lexical Context
Lexikaal Context
Lexikonkontext
Лексический контекст
An entry in the lexicon. This may be any morpheme, word, compound, phrase or clause that is included in the lexicon
Entrada léxica
Entrée lexicale
Lexical entry
Lexikaal item
Lexikoneintrag
Лексическая единица
Represents the intersection in meaning between the lexical entry and the ontology entity. This is used as the ontology entity and lexical entry may not be in one-to-one correspondence as such the existence of a sense between them states meerly that there are some cases when this lexical entry refer to the ontology entity and vica versa. Mapping elements can be used to further specify this relation
Acepción léxica
Lexical sense
Lexikaal zin
Lexikonsinn
Signification lexicale
Indicates the topic of a lexicon or a lexical entry
Lexical Topic
Lexikaal Thema
Lexikonthema
Tema léxica
Thème lexicale
The lexicon object. This object is specific to the given language and/or domain it describes
Lexicon
Lexicón
Lexikon
Lexique
Лексикон
Morphological pattern
Morphologisch Patroon
Morphologische Muster
Patron morphologique
Patrón morfológico
Морфологический шаблон
Morphological Transform
Morphologisch transformatie
Morphologische Transformation
Transformación morfológica
Transformation morphologique
Морфологическое преобразование
A node in a phrase structure or dependency parse graph
Knoten
Node
Nœud
Punt
Vértice
Узел
The class of constituents, that is types applied to nodes in a phrase structure graph
Constituent
Constituyente
Konstituent
Составляющая
An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. Use this for lexical entries with only abstract forms
Deel van een woord
Part of word
Parte de la palabra
Partie du mot
Wortteil
Часть слова
A phrase in lemon is defined in the looser sense of a sequence of words, it does not have to a fully grammatical phrase
Phrase
Sintagma
Syntagme
Zinsdeel
Фраза
A terminal node in a phrase structure graph, i.e., a realisable, lexical element.
Elemento del sintagma
Elément du syntagme
Phrase element
Phrase-Element
Zinselement
A value that can be used in the range of linguistic property
Property Value
Prädikatswert
Valeur de la propriété
Valor de la propiedad
Waarde van het predikaat
Свойство
Prototipo
Prototyp
Prototype
Прототип
Indicates a logical condition that is used indicate when a particular term has the given meaning
Bedingung
Condición
Condition
Voorwaarde
Условие
Indicates the context in which a term is to be used. The context refers not to the immediate syntactic context, but the document and register the document is used in
Context
Contexte
Contexto
Kontext
Контекст
A definition of a sememe, that is the a text describing the exact meaning of the lexical entry when its sense is the given ontology reference
Definición
Definitie
Definition
Définition
Определение
The indicator of a given syntactic argument, normally a preposition or other particle marker or a linguistic property such as case
Marcador de la función sintáctica
Marqueur du rôle syntaxique
Syntactic role marker
Syntactisch rol merker
Syntactische Rolle-Marker
Маркер синтаксической роли
An example of the usage of a lexical entry when refering to the ontology entity given by the sememe's reference. This should in effect be an example of the form used in context. E.g., "this is a *usage example*"
Anwendungsbeispiel
Ejemplo de uso
Exemple d'utilisation
Usage Example
Voorbeeld van het gebruik
Пример использования
A word is a single unit of writing or speech. In languages written in Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic scripts etc. these are assumed to be separated by white-space characters. For Chinese, Japanese, Korean this should correspond to some agreed segmentation scheme.
Mot
Palabra
Woord
Word
Wort
Слово
A representation of a lexical entry that should not be considered canonical. This is primarily from a linguistic view for non-realisable forms such as stems but may also include misspellings and other unusual forms
Abstract form
Abstracte vorm
Abstrakte Form
Forma abstracta
Forme abstraite
The sense of a non-preferred but admissible lexicalization of a given ontology entity
Alternatieve referentie van
Alternative Referenz von
Alternative reference of
Referencia alternativa de
Référence alternative de
Denotes that one sense is broader than another. From a lexical point of view this means replacing one lexical entry with another generalizes the meaning of the phrase. From an ontological point of view this property makes not strong assertions. From a mapping point of view if the broader sense applies the narrower sense must also
Breder
Breiter
Broader
Más amplio
Plus large
The canonical ("dictionary") form of the lexical entry. This can be used to indicate the "lemma" form of a lexical entry
Canonical form
Canonieke vorm
Forma canónica
Forme canonique
Kanonische Form
Indicates an evaluable test, the is necessary for this sense to apply
Constitutif
Denotes the pragmatic or discursive context of a sense mapping or a constraint on the mapping by syntactic or semantic properites
Denotes a component of a lexical entry
Decompositie
Decomposition
Dekompositum
Descomposición
Décomposition
Indicates a natural language definition. Note there is a pseudo-node to allow for further description of the definition (e.g., source, creation date etc.). The value property should be used to indicate the string value of the definition.
Denotes the relation between a node in a multi-word expression structure and an edge
Arista
Edge
Kante
Lien
Lijn
Denotes the lexical entry represented by the component
Element
Elemento
Elément
Indicates an entry in a lexicon
Eintrag
Entrada
Entry
Entrée
Item
Indicates that two senses are equivalent. From a lexical point of view , this indicates that the lexical entries can be substituted for each other with no change in meaning. From an ontological point of view it means that the two references are not disjoint. From a mapping point of view it means if one mapping apply the other must necessarily apply
Equivalent
Equivalente
Äquivalent
Beispiel
Ejemplo
Example
Exemple
Voorbeeld
A raisable semantic argument is not in fact the semantic argument of the current frame-sense but instead is "raised" into a frame-sense used for an argument. For example the phrase "John seemed to be happy", is interpreted as "it seemed that X" where X is "John is happy", hence the subject of "seem" is a raisable argument.
Actant extrinsèque
Argumento extrínseco
Extrinsic argument
Extrinsiek argument
Äußerliche Argument
Form variant
Form-Variante
Variante de la forma
Variante de la forme
Vorm variant
Erzeugt
Genera
Generates
Genereert
Génère
Порождает
The sense of a non-admissible lexicalization for a ontology entity. This is used to denote incorrect or deprecated language that may be useful for information extraction but not generation
Hidden reference of
Referencia oculta de
Référence cachée de
Verborgen referentie van
Verborgene Referenz von
Says that the two senses are disjoint. From a lexical point of view, this means substituting the lexical entries must change the meaning of the phrase. From an ontological point of view, this property is implied if both references are also disjoint, but does not imply disjointness, but non-equivalence of the references. For the mapping point of view there is not instance when both mappings are valid.
Incompatible
Inkompatibel
Onverenigbaar
Denotes that the single argument of a class predicate is represented in the lexicon by the given semantic argument. That is Class(?x) or ?x rdf:type Class
Instance de
Instance of
Instancia de
Instantie van
Instanz von
Indicate that a reference has a given sense
Reference of
Referencia de
Referentie van
Referenz von
Référence de
Indicate that a sense is realised by the given lexical entry
Acepción de
Sense of
Signfication de
Sinn von
Zin van
The language of a given lexicon. This should be some ISO-639 string
Language
Langue
Lengua
Sprache
Taal
Denotes the component referred to by the lex (pre-terminal) of the phrase structure
Blad
Blatt
Feuille
Hoja
Leaf
Denotes a written representation of a lexical entry
Forma léxica
Forme lexicale
Lexical form
Lexikaal vorm
Lexikalische Form
Indicates a non-semantic relationship between two lexical entries. E.g., a term is derived from another term, such as "lexical" and "lexicalize"
Lexical variant
Lexikaal variant
Lexikalische Variante
Variante lexicale
Variante léxica
Denotes the marker of a semantic argument. This should generally either be a semantic property i.e., case or another lexical entry e.g., a preposition or particle
Marcador
Marker
Marqueur
Merker
маркер
Denotes that one sense is narrower than another. From a lexical point of view this means replacing one lexical entry with another specializes the meaning of the phrase. From an ontological point of view this property makes not strong assertions. From a mapping point of view if the broader sense applies the narrower sense must also
Enger
Más estrecho
Narrower
Plus restreint
Folgende Transformation
Next transform
Transformación siguiente
Transformation suivante
Volgende transformatie
Indicates the semantic argument which represents the objects (ranges) of the property referred to by this sense
Complemento de la propiedad
Complément de la propiété
Object of property
Object van predikaat
Objekt von Prädikat
Denotes that the syntactic argument is optional (may be omitted)
Opcional
Optional
Optionele
Optionnel
A non-preferred ("non-dictionary") representation of a lexical entry. This should be variant that is either a morphological variant, an abbreviation, short form or acronym
Andere Form
Andere vorm
Autre forme
Other form
Otra forma
Muster
Patron
Patroon
Patrón
Pattern
Шаблон
Indicates the head node of a phrase structure or dependency parse graph
Base de la syntagme
Phrase root
Phrasewurzel
Raíz del sintagma
Zinsdeel wortel
The sense of the preferred lexicalization of a given ontology entity
Bevorzugte Referenz von
Preferred reference of
Referencia preferida de
Référence préféré de
Voorkeursreferentie van
Denotes a lexical property of a lexical entry, form, component or MWE node. For the lexical entry this is assumed to be static properties e.g., part of speech and gender and for the others this is assumed to be specific properties e.g., case, number
Lexical property
Lexikaal predikaat
Lexikalische Prädikat
Propiedad léxica
Propiété lexicale
Indicates a restrictions on the domain of the property. That is, this sense only applies if the property the sense refers to has a subject in the class referred to by this property
Domein van het predikaat
Dominio de la propiedad
Ensemble de la propiété
Property domain
Prädikatsbereich
Indicates a restrictions on the range of the property. That is, this sense only applies if the property the sense refers to has a object in the class referred to by this property
Bereik van het predikaat
Image de la propiété
Property range
Prädikatszielmenge
Rango de la propiedad
A reference to an external resource
Reference
Referencia
Referentie
Referenz
Référence
A realisation of a given form
Darstellung
Representación
Representation
Représentation
Voorstelling
Regel
Regla
Rule
Règle
Denotes a semantic argument slot of a semantic unit
Actant sémantique
Argumento semántico
Semantic argument
Semantisch argument
Semantische Argument
Indicates the sense of a lexical entry
Acepción
Sense
Signification
Sinn
Zin
Denotes a relationship between senses
Relación de Acepción
Relation de Signification
Sense relation
Sinn-Relation
Zin relatie
Indicates the graphical element used to seperate the subnodes of this phrase structure. It is generally recommended that you use a string value with the language tag used to indicate script, (i.e., using ISO-15924 codes, such as "Latn"), as orthographic features may change with script.
Afscheider
Separador
Separator
Séparateur
Indicates the semantic argument which represents the subjects (domain) of the property referred to by this sense
Onderwerp van predikaat
Subject of property
Subjekt von Prädikat
Sujet de la propiété
Sujeto de la propiedad
Indicates that the relation between a compound sense and its atomic subsenses
Deel van de zin
Parte del acepción
Signification composante
Subsense
Teil des Sinnes
Indicates a slot in a syntactic frame
Actant syntaxique
Argumento sintáctico
Syntactic argument
Syntactisch argument
Syntactische Argument
Indicates a syntactic behavior of a lexical entry
Conduite syntaxique
Funcionamiento sintáctico
Syntactic behavior
Syntactisch optreden
Syntactische Verhalten
Indicates the topic of the overrall lexicon, this is property is sometimes called "subject field". Note that in addition to the topic of a lexicon each lexical entry may belong to a given domain, this can be modelled as equal or not equal to the topic of the associated lexicon
Tema
Thema
Thème
Topic
Transform
Transformación
Transformatie
Transformation
Arbre
Baum
Boom
Tree
Árbol
This indicates the value of a pseudo-data node. An example of this is definition where the value would generally be a string but it would not be possible to add further annotations, such as source or creation date.
Valeur
Valor
Value
Waarde
Wert
Gives the written representation of a given form
Representación escrita
Représentation écrite
Schriftelijke voorstelling
Schriftliche Darstellung
Written representation