S38
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: true
  property predicate: public
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  property predicate: in context of
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  class predicate: Goal
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: true
  property predicate: public

S16
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Assumption
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: in context of
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true

undeveloped
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Goal
  union of: Strategy
range: boolean
definition: Undeveloped element decorator, rendered as a hollow diamond applied to the bottom centre of an element, indicates that a line of argument has not been developed.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: hollow diamond

Relationship with Confidence
type: Class
subclass of: Relationship
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifier
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: string
  on property: identifier
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: Argument
    intersection of: Restriction
      has value: confidence
      on property: argument type
  on property: associated with
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: Context
    union of: Solution
    union of: Strategy
  on property: object
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: associated with
    some values from: Argument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: assurance claim point
    some values from: boolean
note: The corresponding argument could be located in a paragraph of accompanying text, a goal in the local argument, or a goal in a separate module.
core or extension: Confidence Argument Extension

S6
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#X
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Goal
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: top (goal)

S24
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: contains
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: in context of
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  class predicate: Module
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  builtin: notEqual
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: true
  property predicate: away

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: Goal
annotated target: Restriction
definition: GSN goals document the claims made in the argument (i.e. premises and conclusions). Each goal shall contain a single goal statement, expressed as a proposition in the form of a noun phrase + verb-phrase sentence.

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Artefact Reference
range: Artefact
core or extension: Core GSN

maximum cardinality
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Relationship
range: nonNegativeInteger
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: text

S42
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: R1
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: G2
  arguments: R2
  builtin: makeOWLThing
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  class predicate: Strategy
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G1
  class predicate: Goal
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G2
  class predicate: Goal
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: object
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: subject
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: subject
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: R2
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: object
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: assurance claim point

S4
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  class predicate: Strategy
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: inferential
  property predicate: relationship type

S45
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: S2
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: S1
  class predicate: Goal
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: S1
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: R1
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: S2
  arguments: R2
  builtin: makeOWLThing
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: S1
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: S2
  class predicate: Goal
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  class predicate: Goal
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: S1
  arguments: S2
  builtin: notEqual
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  property predicate: subject
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: S2
  property predicate: object
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: R2
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  property predicate: subject
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: assurance claim point

S52
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: challenges
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Defeater

Goal
type: Class
subclass of: GSN Element
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: Assumption
    union of: Context
    union of: Justification
    union of: Module
  on property: in context of
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in context of
  some values from: Context
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: Goal
    union of: Module
    union of: Solution
    union of: Strategy
  on property: supported by
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: GSN Element
    union of: Relationship
  on property: challenges
alternative label: Claim
definition: (Claim is) A proposition being asserted by the author that is a true or false statement.
definition: A goal, rendered as a rectangle, presents a claim forming part of the argument.
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: rectangle

Instantiation Data Reference
type: Class
definition: This symbol indicates that the GSN argument below the attached element is to be instantiated as a template argument. It provides a reference to the information used to instantiate the template argument.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: hollow triangle

S22
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Template
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: true
  property predicate: undeveloped
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: subject
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: published
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: contains
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

Relationship
type: Class
subclass of: Statement
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: Defeater
    union of: Goal
    union of: Strategy
  on property: subject
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: GSN Element
  on property: object
core or extension: Core GSN

Artefact
type: Class
alternative label: Evidence
core or extension: Core GSN

valid
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: GSN Element
range: boolean
core or extension: Core GSN

multiple
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Relationship
range: boolean
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: solid ball

S47
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: true
  property predicate: defeated
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

argument type
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Argument
range: Datatype
  one of: confidence
  one of: dialectic
  one of: risk
core or extension: Confidence Argument Extension

Strategy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: GSN Element
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Goal
  on property: supported by
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: Assumption
    union of: Context
    union of: Justification
    union of: Module
  on property: in context of
definition: A strategy, rendered as a parallelogram, describes the inference that exists between a goal and its supporting goal(s).
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: parallelogram

motivation
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The motivation statement can be used to state why the pattern was created. It could be expressed in terms of previous experiences e.g. as the abstraction of a successfully presented argument, or challenges addressed e.g. argument topics that are often incompletely or poorly addressed.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: Assumption
annotated target: Restriction
definition: GSN assumptions provide additional information necessary for the correct understanding of the argument. This information is stated as fully as necessary, using complete sentences in the form noun phrase + verb phrase.

S48
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  property predicate: challenges
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  class predicate: Goal
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: true
  property predicate: in doubt

S23
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  class predicate: Module
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  builtin: notEqual
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: true
  property predicate: away

assurance claim point
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Artefact Reference
  union of: Relationship with Confidence
range: boolean
definition: An Assurance Claim Point (ACP) can be used in GSN to indicate that a confidence argument is associated with an assertion in a risk argument.
core or extension: Confidence Argument Extension
rendered as: solid square

statement
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Argument
  union of: GSN Element
range: string
core or extension: Core GSN

Catalogue
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Pattern
  on property: contains
definition: A pattern catalogue may be created to collate a series of patterns; where such a catalogue is created the structure and format of the definition should be consistent and each pattern’s definition should have a unique {pattern identifier}.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

S43
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: R1
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: supported by
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: G2
  arguments: R2
  builtin: makeOWLThing
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  class predicate: Strategy
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G1
  class predicate: Goal
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G2
  class predicate: Goal
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: R2
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: assurance claim point
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: subject
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: object

Template
type: Class
subclass of: Pattern
definition: A template argument is a special case of a pattern argument. It uses the core GSN and argument pattern extension to construct an argument structure which requires no further development.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: Strategy
annotated target: Restriction
definition: GSN strategy statements describe the reasoning that connects parent goals and their supporting goals, but the core claims and the structure connecting those claims remain unchanged. Strategy statements contain a brief description of the argument approach.

S32
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G1
  argument2: C1
  property predicate: in context of
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G2
  argument2: C2
  property predicate: in context of
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G1
  class predicate: Goal
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G2
  class predicate: Goal
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: G2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: away
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G1
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: C2
  class predicate: Context
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: C1
  argument2: C2
  property predicate: consistent with

S46
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  argument2: true
  property predicate: valid
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  property predicate: challenges
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  class predicate: Solution
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: true
  property predicate: defeated

known uses
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: It may be useful to provide references to known applications of the pattern. These can serve as additional examples.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

challenges
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Goal
  union of: Solution
range: GSN Element
definition: Allows a Challenge to any GSN entity to be documented. A goal, (core element) can be used in a dialectic context to assert a challenge to part of the argument. A solution, (core element) can be used to present a reference to an evidence item that asserts a challenge to part of the argument.
note: A challenge must be levied against the appropriate aspect of the goal structure.
core or extension: Dialectic Extension
rendered as: dashed line with an open arrowhead

S33
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  property predicate: contains
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#J
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  property predicate: substituted by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#J
  property predicate: contains
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#J
  class predicate: Justification
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#J
  property predicate: in context of
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M1
  arguments: M2
  builtin: notEqual
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#J
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

defeated
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: GSN Element
  union of: Relationship
range: boolean
description: Defeated Relationship indicates that the relationship is defeated. The Defeated decorator can be applied to any of the GSN relationships.
definition: This decorator symbol indicates that the element is defeated. The Defeated decorator can be applied to any of the GSN elements.
core or extension: Dialectic Extension
rendered as: cross (‘X’) superimposed on a GSN element or relationship

S50
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: challenges
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  builtin: makeOWLThing
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  class predicate: Relationship
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object

Solution
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Artefact Reference
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: GSN Element
    union of: Relationship
  on property: challenges
definition: A solution, rendered as a circle, presents a reference to an evidence item.
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: circle

optional
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Relationship
range: boolean
definition: Optional instantiation means that the relationship and the argument below may or may not be instantiated.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: hollow ball

S20
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  property predicate: instantiation of
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: final
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  class predicate: Pattern
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  property predicate: contains
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

GSN Element
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: string
  on property: identifier
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifier
  some values from: string
core or extension: Core GSN

S14
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: in context of
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  class predicate: Relationship
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true

S9
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Goal
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  class predicate: Goal
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

associated with
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Artefact Reference
  union of: Relationship with Confidence
range: Argument
core or extension: Confidence Argument Extension

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: Solution
annotated target: Restriction
definition: GSN solutions make no claim, but are simply references to evidence items that provide support for a particular claim. They shall therefore be stated as noun-phrases.

Argument
type: Class
subclass of: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: string
  on property: identifier
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifier
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: GSN Element
  on property: contains
definition: A connected series of claims intended to establish an overall claim.
definition: A body of information presented with the intention to establish one or more claims through the presentation of related supporting claims, evidence and contextual information.
core or extension: Core GSN

applicability
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The applicability section should state under what circumstances the pattern can be applied, making clear the assumptions and principles underlying the pattern to avoid inappropriate application in a mismatched context. This section should record what contextual information is required in order to apply the pattern.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

intent
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The intent statement should state clearly what the pattern aims to achieve.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

published
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Argument
range: boolean
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

final
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Argument
range: boolean
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

S5
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  class predicate: Goal
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: inferential
  property predicate: relationship type

contract
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Module
range: boolean
property disjoint with: undeveloped
definition: A contract module is a special type of module that controls the relationship between argument module interfaces using arguments to define how a goal in one module is supported by one or more goals in one or more other modules.
note: A contract may be described in textual form (e.g. as a table) or for more complex relationships may be described within a contract module using GSN.
note: Contract modules can be used in the support relationship between modules to aid decoupling. The de-coupling by use of a contract permits argument module construction in cases where the eventual source of support for an argument is unknown at the time of authoring or can be changed for example through re-use or planned product improvement or reconfiguration.
core or extension: Modular Extension
rendered as: a rectangle with two smaller rectangles (of equal size to each other) adjoining at the top left and bottom right

examples
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: It may be useful to provide example illustrations of the application of the pattern, particularly for more abstract patterns. Illustrations should include a typical case and can be supplemented with atypical cases where more than one example is provided.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

away
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assumption
  union of: Context
  union of: Goal
  union of: Justification
  union of: Solution
range: boolean
description: An away assumption repeats an assumption presented in another argument module and is typically used only in Contract Modules. An away context repeats a reference to context presented in another argument module. An away goal reference repeats a claim presented in another argument module. An away justification repeats a justification presented in another argument module and is typically used only in Contract Modules. An away solution repeats a reference to evidence items presented in another argument module.
definition: An away element reference repeats a claim or evidence presented in another argument module.
core or extension: Modular Extension
rendered as: bisecting line in the lower half

Artefact Reference
type: Class
subclass of: GSN Element
core or extension: Core GSN

S31
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: to be supported by contract
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

core or extension
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Indicator of the sourcing section in the GSN Community Standard v3.

S12
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: valid
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: supported by
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

S37
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M3
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M3
  arguments: M1
  builtin: notEqual
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: M2
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: M3
  property predicate: supported by
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M1
  arguments: M2
  builtin: notEqual
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M2
  arguments: M3
  builtin: notEqual
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M3
  argument2: M1
  property predicate: supported by
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: M3
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

rendered as
type: AnnotationProperty
core or extension: Core GSN

S19
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: in context of
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  builtin: makeOWLThing
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  class predicate: Relationship
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object

attached to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Instantiation Data Reference
range: Template
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: dotted line

relationship type
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Relationship
range: Datatype
  one of: contextual
  one of: evidential
  one of: inferential
definition: SupportedBy relationships – represented by lines with solid arrowheads – indicate inferential or evidential relationships between elements. InContextOf relationships – represented as lines with hollow arrowheads – declare contextual relationships.
definition: An evidential relationship is a declared relationship between a claim and an evidence item by which the claim is substantiated. An inferential relationship is a declared inference between claims in the argument. A contextual relationship draws attention to explanatory contextual information.
core or extension: Core GSN

S49
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: false
  property predicate: undeveloped
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  property predicate: challenges
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  class predicate: Goal
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: true
  property predicate: in doubt
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: true
  property predicate: defeated

structure
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The structure uses the structural and element abstraction notations to present the pattern, clearly indicating where the argument needs to be further developed or populated with details to instantiate the pattern for a specific case.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

S27
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: M1
  property predicate: in context of
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: M1
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: contract
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

S40
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: assurance claim point
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Artefact Reference
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  builtin: makeOWLThing
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject

consistent with
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assumption
  union of: Context
range: Class
  union of: Assumption
  union of: Context
definition: By making the relationship to the away goal the author is asserting not only the inference of support for the parent goal, but also that the context in which the away goal is declared is consistent with the context and assumptions in scope for the parent goal.
core or extension: Modular Extension

S17
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: B
  argument2: A
  property predicate: in context of
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: A
  class predicate: Assumption
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: C
  class predicate: Goal
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: C
  argument2: A
  property predicate: in context of

S25
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: ID
  property predicate: identifier
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  class predicate: Module
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  builtin: notEqual
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: ID
  property predicate: identifier
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

S44
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: S2
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: S1
  class predicate: Solution
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: S1
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: R1
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: S2
  arguments: R2
  builtin: makeOWLThing
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  argument2: S1
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  class predicate: Goal
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: S1
  arguments: S2
  builtin: notEqual
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  property predicate: subject
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: S2
  class predicate: Solution
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: S2
  property predicate: object
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: R2
  class predicate: Relationship with Confidence
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#G
  property predicate: subject
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: associated with
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: assurance claim point

top (goal)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Goal
range: boolean
definition: The top goal presents the overall claim asserted by the author and it is up to the reader to determine their belief that it is adequately supported.
definition: A GSN Goal that presents the pinnacle claim in an argument. It is ‘top’ in terms of the argument hierarchy, rather than necessarily its physical layout. There may be more than one top goal in a GSN structure.
core or extension: Core GSN

Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: true
  on property: top (goal)
intersection of: Goal
intersection of: Class
  complement of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: supported by
    some values from: Goal

S7
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R3
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: object
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R3
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R3
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#P
  property predicate: predicate
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#P
  property predicate: predicate
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  property predicate: object
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#P
  property predicate: predicate
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: R1
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: R2
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: R3
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

S26
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: M1
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: M1
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: contract
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

to be supported by contract
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Goal
range: boolean
property disjoint with: undeveloped
core or extension: Modular Extension
rendered as: attached centrally immediately below the goal to which it relates

true
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: GSN Element
range: boolean
core or extension: Core GSN

collaboration
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The collaboration section should describe how elements of the pattern work together to achieve the desired effect, particularly where there are links that are not readily apparent from the argument structure.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

off-diagram
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: GSN Element
range: boolean
core or extension: Core GSN

instantiation of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Argument
  union of: GSN Element
range: Pattern
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

Pattern
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: description
  some values from: Literal
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

in context of
type: IrreflexiveProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Goal
  union of: Strategy
range: Class
  union of: Assumption
  union of: Context
  union of: Justification
  union of: Module
definition: InContextOf, rendered as a line with a hollow arrowhead, declares a contextual relationship.
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: line with a hollow arrowhead

S3
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  class predicate: Solution
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: evidential
  property predicate: relationship type

substituted by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Justification
range: Class
  intersection of: Goal
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: true
    on property: away
definition: There may be occasions when a goal or strategy requires fuller justification than can be provided within the confines of a GSN justification element. In such cases, an away goal can be substituted for the justification.
core or extension: Modular Extension

S1
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Assumption
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: in context of
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

OntoGSN
type: Ontology
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
contributor: Barbara Gallina, Dian Balta, Ingmar Kessler
creator: Standard: The Assurance Case Working Group (ACWG)
creator: Tomas Bueno Momčilović
description: OntoGSN is an ontology for managing assurance cases in the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN). The goal of the ontology is to help users in linking the elements of their cases - claims and evidence - with the internationalized resource identifiers (IRIs) of represented concepts, events and data, and in evaluating the validity of their argument.
issued: 2025-02-24
modified: 2025-06-19T00:00:00Z
publisher: https://www.fortiss.org/
source: The Assurance Case Working Group (ACWG). (2021 May). Goal Structuring Notation Community Standard Version 3. URL: http://scsc.uk/SCSC-141C
bibliographic citation: Bueno Momcilovic, T., Kessler, I., Gallina, B., & Balta, D. (2025). OntoGSN: An Ontology for Dynamic Management of Assurance Cases.
created: 20th February 2025
preferred namespace prefix: gsn
disclaimer: [Disclaimer from the GSN Community Standard v3.0]: While the authors and the publishers have used reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information and guidance given in this work is correct, all parties must rely on their own skill and judgement when making use of this work and obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content of this work. Neither the authors nor the publishers make any representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to such information and guidance for any purpose, and they will not be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever (including as a result of negligence) arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this work. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their employers, the SCSC1 or other organisations.
version: 3.0
version info: 1.2
definition: GSN is a graphical argument notation which can be used to document explicitly the elements and structure of an argument and the argument’s relationship to evidence.

Assurance Case
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: Argument
    union of: Artefact
  on property: contains
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: Artefact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: Argument
definition: Arguments and evidence intended to demonstrate that a system meets its assurance requirements.
definition: A reasoned and compelling argument, supported by a body of evidence, that a system, service or organisation will operate as intended for a defined application in a defined environment.
core or extension: Core GSN

S51
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#D
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  property predicate: challenges
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: G3
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G1
  class predicate: Goal
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G3
  class predicate: Goal
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: G3
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  builtin: makeOWLThing
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G2
  class predicate: Goal
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G3
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: supported by
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: G1
  arguments: G2
  builtin: notEqual
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: supported by
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G3
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: supported by
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#D
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: supported by
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#D
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  property predicate: challenges
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#S
  class predicate: Strategy

S35
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: E1
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: E2
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: E1
  argument2: E2
  property predicate: in context of
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M1
  arguments: M2
  builtin: notEqual
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: M2
  property predicate: in context of

Context
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Artefact Reference
definition: A context, rendered as shown left, presents a contextual artefact. This can be a reference to contextual information, or a statement.
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: rounded rectangle

uninstantiated
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: GSN Element
range: boolean
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: hollow triangle

S8
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Goal
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

in doubt
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assurance Case
  union of: GSN Element
  union of: Relationship
range: boolean
definition: The dialectic challenge within this structure asserts that if the claim presented in Goal CG1 is true then this is sufficient to establish that the claim in Goal G1 in the original structure is in doubt.
core or extension: Dialectic Extension

S21
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Template
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: true
  property predicate: undeveloped
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: published
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

Assumption
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: GSN Element
definition: An assumption, rendered as an oval with the letter 'A' at the top- or bottom-right, presents an intentionally unsubstantiated statement.
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: oval

consequences
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The consequences section should make clear what work remains after the pattern has been applied. This should highlight where further support to the argument is required, and assumptions that need to be discharged.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

S39
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: true
  property predicate: contract
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: true
  property predicate: public
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  property predicate: contains
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#E
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

choice
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Relationship
range: boolean
definition: A GSN choice can be used to denote possible alternatives in satisfying a relationship.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: solid diamond

S2
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: in context of
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: contextual
  property predicate: relationship type

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: Argument
annotated target: Class
definition: The corresponding argument could be located in a paragraph of accompanying text, a goal in the local argument, or a goal in a separate module.
core or extension: Confidence Argument Extension

Justification
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: GSN Element
definition: A justification, rendered as an oval with the letter 'J' at the top- or bottom-right, presents a statement of rationale.
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: oval

structured
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Argument
range: boolean
definition: A particular kind of argument where the relationships between the asserted claims, and from the evidence to the claims, are explicitly represented.
core or extension: Core GSN

S13
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Solution
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  class predicate: Solution
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: supported by
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#C
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true

View
type: Class
definition: The argument view depicts the argument inside an individual module.
core or extension: Modular Extension

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: Justification
annotated target: Restriction
definition: GSN justifications provide additional information necessary for the correct understanding of the argument. This information is stated as fully as necessary, using complete sentences in the form noun phrase + verb phrase.

S10
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Solution
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: supported by
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: true
  property predicate: true

S34
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: E1
  argument2: E2
  property predicate: supported by
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: E1
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: E2
  property predicate: contains
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M1
  arguments: M2
  builtin: notEqual
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: M2
  property predicate: supported by

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: Context
annotated target: Restriction
definition: Two kinds of GSN context statement exist. Where a context statement draws attention to explanatory contextual information (such as the definition of some term), this information shall be stated briefly using complete sentences of a noun-phrase + verb-phrase structure. Where a context statement is a reference to an artefact of some kind, which informs the reasoning step, the context statement shall be expressed as a noun phrase.

implementation
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The implementation section should communicate how the application of the pattern is carried out e.g. the order in which elements should be developed; communicate hints or techniques that may ease successful application; highlight common or recognised pitfalls with the application of the pattern; and record potential misinterpretation of the terms or concepts in the pattern.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

Defeater
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: Goal
  union of: Solution
alternative label: Dialectic Element
definition: The source of challenge being applied; can be directed at any part of an argument. A defeater (goal or solution) can challenge any element in a goal structure, e.g. goal, solution, strategy, context, assumption, justification.
note: The goal and solution statements should be clearly expressed such that the crux of the challenge is unequivocally communicated. Thus, the link between the part of the argument that is being challenged (target) and the dialectic element (source) is self-evident.
note: Membership of this class is only meant to be inferred, not asserted! Please do not add individuals to this class manually (i.e., assertions).
core or extension: Dialectic Extension

participants
type: AnnotationProperty
domain: Pattern
definition: The participants section augments the structure by providing a description of each element. This can provide more complete descriptions, clarify the role of the element in the overall argument and emphasise the aspects that require development or instantiation.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

S29
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: subject
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: G1
  class predicate: Goal
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: object
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: G1
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: supported by
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: G1
  argument2: true
  property predicate: away
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: G1
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: G2
  property predicate: contains
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

Module
type: Class
subclass of: GSN Element
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Argument
  on property: contains
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: Argument
    union of: Module
  on property: contains
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Module
  on property: supported by
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Module
  on property: in context of
definition: Goal structures can be partitioned into separate, but interrelated, modules. This can allow the division of an overall goal structure into separate goal structures focusing on particular aspects of the overall argument. A module may contain one or more arguments and may contain other modules.
core or extension: Modular Extension
rendered as: a rectangle with a second smaller rectangle adjoining at the top left

S30
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: away
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: to be supported by contract
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: contains
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M1
  arguments: M2
  builtin: notEqual
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: M2
  argument2: true
  property predicate: contract

S28
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: contains
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: true
  property predicate: to be supported by contract
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  argument2: true
  property predicate: contract
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  class predicate: Module
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

contains
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Argument
  union of: Assurance Case
  union of: Module
range: Class
  union of: Argument
  union of: Artefact
  union of: Module
core or extension: Core GSN

public
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assumption
  union of: Context
  union of: Goal
  union of: Justification
  union of: Solution
range: boolean
definition: This indicates that the element is publicly visible in one or more interfaces of the module and can be referenced as an away element.
core or extension: Modular Extension
rendered as: miniature module symbol superimposed on an element at the top right

view type
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: View
range: Datatype
  one of: architecture
  one of: argument
core or extension: Modular Extension

S18
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: supported by
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  builtin: makeOWLThing
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: subject
head: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  class predicate: Relationship
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#R
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  property predicate: object

related to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Pattern
range: Pattern
definition: This section can be used to reference patterns that are related e.g. addressing the same intent in a different context.
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension

S41
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  property predicate: identifier
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  property predicate: identifier
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  builtin: notEqual
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#N
  arguments: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#M
  builtin: equal
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: valid

supported by
type: IrreflexiveProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Goal
  union of: Strategy
range: Class
  union of: Goal
  union of: Module
  union of: Solution
  union of: Strategy
definition: SupportedBy, rendered as a line with a solid arrowhead, allows support relationships between elements to be documented.
core or extension: Core GSN
rendered as: line with a solid arrowhead

minimum cardinality
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Relationship
range: nonNegativeInteger
core or extension: Argument Pattern Extension
rendered as: text

S11
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  class predicate: Solution
body: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#A
  property predicate: supported by
head: DatavaluedPropertyAtom
  argument1: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#B
  argument2: false
  property predicate: true

S36
type: Imp
is rule enabled: true
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: E1
  argument2: M2
  property predicate: supported by
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M1
  class predicate: Module
body: ClassAtom
  argument1: M2
  class predicate: Module
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: E1
  property predicate: contains
body: BuiltinAtom
  arguments: M1
  arguments: M2
  builtin: notEqual
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  argument1: M1
  argument2: M2
  property predicate: supported by