z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z).
NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
ElectricPolarization
The class of units with dimensionality 'ForceArea'.
ForceAreaUnit
Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty.
Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure.
hasMetrologicalUncertainty
The class of units with dimensionality 'LorenzNumber'.
LorenzNumberUnit
Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary.
The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.
etymology
The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents.
Quantity characterising the relative variation of volume with pressure at constant thermodynamic temperature.
IsothermalCompressibility
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
NewtonPerCentiMetre
Newton Per Centimetre
Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000.
ISO80000Reference
3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length)
Atom subclass for radium.
RadiumAtom
Tool
Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’.
Quotient of electron and hole mobility.
MobilityRatio
Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2-per-volt) is a unit in the category of Electric polarizability. -- QUDT
CoulombSquareMetrePerVolt
Coulomb Square Metre Per Volt
Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant.
RelativeMassDefect
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasReferent) o inverse (hasInterpreter)=>hasSign
Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system.
A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities.
definition
Particle
From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).
Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number.
PackingFraction
The SI derived unit of unit in the category of Radioactivity concentration. -- QUDT
BecquerelPerCubicMetre
Becquerel per Cubic Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTemperature'.
PressurePerTemperatureUnit
A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
Fermion
The inverse measure of joule-per-ampere or weber. The measure for the reciprical of magnetic flux. -- QUDT
AmperePerJoule
Ampere per Joule
A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process.
hasIndex
Watts per square metre per metre.
Superclass for all units prefixed with "zetta" (1e21).
ZettaPrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperature'.
ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit
A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
MaterialsModel
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.
AvogadroConstant
The customary metric unit of land area, equal to 100 ares. One hectare is a square hectometer, that is, the area of a square 100 meters on each side: exactly 10 000 square meters or approximately 107 639.1 square feet, 11 959.9 square yards, or 2.471 054 acres. -- QUDT
A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides.
Hectare
The symbol that stands for the thorium atom.
ThoriumSymbol
A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties).
A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2).
MetrologicalReference
A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental).
A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system.
A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums.
FundamentalPhysicalSystem
A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules.
A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet.
Symbolic
fe780 emmo !5*a cat for(i=0;i<N;++i)
A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols).
The structure of an array can be expressed mereologically. An array consists of a set of equally sized tiles. The tiles of an n-dimensional array are (n-1)-dimensional, the tiles of an (n-1)-dimensional array are (n-2)-dimensional and so forth... The tiles of a vector (1-dimensional array) are scalar symbolic data (that is symbolic data that are not subclasses of array). The `hasSpatialTile` relation, can be used to navigate between dimensions. The `hasPart` relation can be used to refer to the scalar data
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10.
AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity
CompiledLanguage
A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline.
DataExchangeLanguage
JSON, YAML, XML
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerAmount'.
ElectricChargePerAmountUnit
Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and cubic metre.
Metric prefix defined in the SI system.
SIPrefix
Specific heat capacity - The heat required to raise unit mass of a substance by unit temperature interval under specified conditions, such as constant pressure: usually measured in joules per kelvin per kilogram. Symbol c_p (for constant pressure) Also called specific heat. -- QUDT
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin
A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++.
CPlusPlus
C++
Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte.
MolarConductivity
φ is a class of the theory
We usa a predicate template notation as DP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of DP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that DP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ (φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y))
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles
`Joule Second per Mole` is a unit for 'Molar Angular Momentum' expressed as J s mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
JouleSecondPerMole
Joule Second per Mole
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticPotential'.
MagneticPotentialUnit
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit day -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerDay
Cubic Metre Per Day
The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles.
Mole
Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
MeanLinearRange
The symbol that stands for the platinum atom.
PlatinumSymbol
Symbolic data that can be represented as a sequence of zeros and ones.
BinaryData
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress.
TensileForming
The symbol that stands for the aluminium atom.
AluminiumSymbol
A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws.
NaturalProcess
NonIntentionalProcess
LaserCutting
In the Hertz per Volt standard the frequency of the note is directly related to the voltage. A pitch of a note goes up one octave when its frequency doubles, meaning that the voltage will have to double for every octave rise. Depending on the footage (octave) selected, nominally one volt gives 1000Hz, two volts 2000Hz and so on. In terms of notes, bottom C would be 0.25 volts, the next C up would be 0.5 volts, then 1V, 2V, 4V, 8V for the following octaves. This system was used mainly by Yamaha and Korg. -- QUDT
HertzPerVolt
Hertz per Volt
Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds.
The hour (common symbol: h or hr) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h. -- QUDT
Hour
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountTemperature'.
AmountTemperatureUnit
An astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU, au, a.u., or ua) is a unit of length equal to 149,597,870,700 metres (92,955,807.273 mi) or approximately the mean Earth Sun distance. The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the international standard ISO 80000, while au is recommended by the International Astronomical Union, and is more common in Anglosphere countries. In general, the International System of Units only uses capital letters for the symbols of units which are named after individual scientists, while au or a.u. can also mean atomic unit or even arbitrary unit. However, the use of AU to refer to the astronomical unit is widespread. The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given the symbol A. [Wikipedia] -- QUDT
One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun.
AstronomicalUnit
astronomical-unit
The symbol that stands for the radon atom.
RadonSymbol
Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other.
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress.
The class of units with dimensionality 'Time'.
TimeUnit
It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category.
Coulomb Meter (C-m) is a unit in the category of Electric dipole moment. It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombMetre
Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision.
AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyLengthPerAmount'.
EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit
Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
ModulusOfRigidity
ShearModulus
The symbol that stands for the thulium atom.
ThuliumSymbol
Newton per cubic metre.
The class of units with dimensionality 'Entropy'.
EntropyUnit
FormingFromLiquid
A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1nm -- QUDT
Square Nanometre
SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Volt Per Millimetre
The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse).
hasNonTemporalPart
Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice.
FundamentalLatticeVector
Atom subclass for curium.
CuriumAtom
KineticFrictionFactor
DynamicFrictionFactor
Item
From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover".
Atom subclass for silver.
SilverAtom
A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated.
IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation
Document
From Latin documentum, from the verb doceō (“teach”) +‎ -mentum.
This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values).
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity.
hasDataValue
Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless).
Cutting
metrologicalReference
Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle.
Steradian
We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap.
The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x b) y and x are non-overlapping
Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
isCauseOf
John yesterday is the cause of John today, is an example of temporal-like causality. The desk supporting my laptop is a space-like causality.
It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums.
The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity.
`Degree per Square Second` is an Imperial unit for `Angular Acceleration` expressed as deg/s². -- QUDT
DegreePerSquareSecond
Degree per Square Second
Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample.
SurfaceActivityDensity
Assemblying
From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’.
The symbol that stands for the germanium atom.
GermaniumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerEnergy'.
ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit
FormingFromPulp
Atom subclass for livermorium.
LivermoriumAtom
A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process.
ManufacturedMaterial
ProcessedMaterial
EngineeredMaterial
Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool
The symbol that stands for the mercury atom.
MercurySymbol
0.000001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'Diffusivity'.
DiffusivityUnit
Role
From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerTemperature'.
ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit
Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system.
CausalCluster
From Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”).
One radioactive disintegration per second from a one part in 10**3 of the SI unit of volume (cubic metre). -- QUDT
Becquerels per litre
In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime.
DiffusionLength
Per Square Electron Volt is a denominator unit with dimensions /eV². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSquareElectronVolt
Reciprocal Square Electron Volt
unit electronvolt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
ElectronvoltPerMetre
Electronvolt Per Metre
Per Kilometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /km. -- QUDT
PerKiloMetre
ReciprocalKiloMetre
Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase.
Fugacity
HardeningByDrawing
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDisplacementField'.
ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
MesoscopicModel
A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation
MagneticMoment
MagneticAreaMoment
Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN
A one-manyfold with two unconnected end points.
Curve
Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units.
SIExactConstant
Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction.
DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection
ConcreteOrPlasterPouring
The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area.
Illuminance
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
GramPerLitre
Gram Per Litre
NormalizedStringData
Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time.
ClassicalData
The disjoint union of the fundamental mereocausal classes of Quantum, CausalPath, CausalSystem and Collection.
World entities can be classified in many ways, but one of the more important classification for the EMMO is the one between items (causally self-connected entities) and collections (not causally self-connected entities). A collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time.
reciprocal of the 1,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
Reciprocal Kilovolt Ampere Hour
Encoded data made of more than one datum.
DataSet
A data representing 16-bit non-negative integer number, 0...65535.
UnsignedShortData
`Degree Celsius per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / s. -- QUDT
DegreeCelsiusPerSecond
Degree Celsius per Second
The candela per square metre (cd/m²) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nit = 1 cd/m²). As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m²; the sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. HDTVs range from 450 to about 1000 cd/m2. Typically, calibrated monitors should have a brightness of 120 cd/m². Nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitere, to shine. -- QUDT
CandelaPerSquareMetre
candela per square metre
The energy of an object due to its motion.
KineticEnergy
A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware
The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade.
uneceCommonCode
Atom subclass for vanadium.
VanadiumAtom
A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial.
SpatialTiling
A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
hasSpatialTile
hasSpatialDirectPart
hasSubObject
heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium
Annealing
PolyatomicEntity
`Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg)` is the unit in the category of Exposure. It is also known as coulombs per kilogram, coulomb/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg) has a dimension of M⁻¹TI where M is mass, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Coulomb per Kilogram
A coded that is assigned from an estimation.
Estimated
The biography of a person that the author have not met.
Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema.
A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean that the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules.
DiscreteData
A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands.
The value of the chemical potential under specified standard conditions (in the standard state).
StandardChemicalPotential
SI unit for force.
The "Newton" is the SI unit of force. A force of one newton will accelerate a mass of one kilogram at the rate of one meter per second per second. The newton is named for Isaac Newton (1642-1727), the British mathematician, physicist, and natural philosopher. He was the first person to understand clearly the relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) expressed by the formula F = m·a. -- QUDT
Newton
Atom subclass for gallium.
GalliumAtom
Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion.
The InChiKey is a hash of the full InChi identifier using the SHA-256 algorithm, designed to allow for easy web searches of chemical compounds.
A hash of the full International Chemical Identifier (InChi) for a chemical substance.
inchiKey
Radian square metre per mole.
RadianSquareMetrePerMole
Proportionality constant in some physical laws.
DiffusionCoefficient
Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron.
MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron
GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron
In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]
A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process.
hasDeclared
Pascal metre per second.
An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention.
Assigns a quantity to an object by convention.
hasConventionalProperty
An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property.
FormingFromGas
Kinetic energy released per mass.
Kerma
A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
Proton
The class of individuals standing for quantum or causally self-connected world entities.
A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs.
The disjoint union of Particle and CausalStructure classes.
The concept of self-connectivity is applied using a 4D approach. Given that, the entity made of an electron and a proton that travel, interact, and then depart from each other is an item, since we don't focus only on the beginning or the end stage but to the overall 4D entity, being the interaction the connectivity bridge between the two particles.
CausalObject
A person life, an interval of a person life. The lifetime of two components, from the production in separate manufacturing lines, their being connected components in a device, including their eparation and decommissioning.
The relation between entities that express a mutual causation.
A relation jointly covered by Contact and InteractWith relations, which are mutually exclusive.
isSpatiallyRelatedWith
A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process.
hasReferent
hasSemioticObject
A metrological reference for a physical quantity.
"Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" ISO 80000-1
MeasurementUnit
kg m/s km
measurement unit (VIM3 1.9)
Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'.
Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint.
"Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." "Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf
The class of units with dimensionality 'JosephsonConstant'.
JosephsonConstantUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTemperature'.
AreaPerTemperatureUnit
A metric measure of volume or capacity equal to a cube 1 millimeter on each edge -- QUDT
CubicMilliMetre
Cubic Millimetre
Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength.
ScalarMagneticPotential
Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle.
ElectricFieldStrength
Permittivity divided by electric constant.
RelativePermittivity
`Square Meter Kelvin per Watt` is a unit for 'Thermal Insulance' expressed as (K²)m/W. -- QUDT
SquareMetreKelvinPerWatt
Square Metre Kelvin per Watt
One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: μ) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of 1.660538782(83) × 10⁻²⁷ kg. One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally". -- QUDT
Dalton
The symbol that stands for the scandium atom.
ScandiumSymbol
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Minute
Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation).
FreeForming
Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. Absolute thermal resistance is the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. It is the reciprocal of thermal conductance. The SI units of thermal resistance are kelvins per watt or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (the two are the same since as intervals). -- QUDT
KelvinPerWatt
Kelvin per Watt
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer through an optical perception employing the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Visual
A cloud. A picture. A colour gradient on a wall. A stain. A mail.
Square metre per square second.
inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ.
SpecificVolume
MassicVolume
Reciprocal of the wavelength.
Wavenumber
Repetency
Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice.
FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
MicroCoulombPerCubicMetre
Microcoulomb Per Cubic Metre
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed
A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations).
Numerical
Coulomb Per Cubic Meter (C/m³) is a unit in the category of Electric charge density. It is also known as coulomb per cubic metre, coulombs per cubic meter, coulombs per cubic metre, coulomb/cubic meter, coulomb/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Cubic Meter has a dimension of L⁻³TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombPerCubicMetre
Coulomb per Cubic Metre
Superclass for all units prefixed with "yocto" (1e-24).
YoctoPrefixedUnit
Cubic metre per hectare.
CubicMetrePerHectare
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTime'.
ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerSecond
Cubic Centimetre Per Second
A unit that is the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol multiplied by the SI base unit second. -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerMoleSecond
Cubic centimeter per mole second
A text that add some information about the entity.
A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches.
comment
SI prefix who's value is 1e-9.
Nano
A collapse is a fundamental process occurring to one particle that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n) with n>1, being n the number of outgoing particles.
Decay
An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity.
Deducer
Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena.
Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression.
Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer.
ThermalInsulance
CoefficientOfThermalInsulance
Number of electrons in conduction band per volume.
ElectronDensity
Square metre per Hertz and angular degree unit.
Symbolic data that consist of a sequence of characters.
Since a string is a simple type that can contain only characters but not other child elements, is often not suitable for representing human text, that may need additional elements for control of aspects such as bidirectional formatting or ruby annotation.
StringData
Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties.
Per Joule cubic metre.
PerJouleCubicMetre
Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor.
LondonPenetrationDepth
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
AmperePerSquareCentiMetre
Ampere Per Square Centimetre
An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646)..
Watt Per Square Meter Per Pascal (W/m²-pa) is a unit of Evaporative Heat Transfer. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetrePascal
Watt per Square Metre Pascal
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity'.
EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit
0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerMole
Cubic Centimetre Per Mole
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the derived SI unit newton -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerNewton
Square Metre Per Newton
A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration.
This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema.
SymbolicConstruct
Existent
ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest).
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalTransmittance'.
ThermalTransmittanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureTime'.
TemperatureTimeUnit
PlasmaCutting
Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.
GrueneisenParamter
An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)
AlgebricExpression
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).
TransferMolding
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Hour
A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled.
Factory
IndustrialPlant
0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Square Millimetre Per Second
An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only.
A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type.
ElementaryParticle
SingleParticleChain
Watt Per Square Centimeter is a unit of heat flux or thermal flux, the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Centimetre
The symbol that stands for the promethium atom.
PromethiumSymbol
unit of the volume litre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Litre Per Kilogram
`Degree Celsius per Hour` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / hr. -- QUDT
DegreeCelsiusPerHour
Degree Celsius per Hour
Number of turns in a winding.
NumberOfTurnsInAWinding
A mixed tiling in wich a tile is the next of spatially connected tiles.
Gathering
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
The number of elementary entities present.
"In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -- SI Brochure
AmountOfSubstance
The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature.
AbsoluteActivity
Particles composed of two or more quarks.
Hadron
A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.
Foam
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerVolumeTime'.
AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit
PlasticModeling
Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material.
The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only.
hasJunctionPart
hasSpatioTemporalPart
Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part.
hasUnitSymbol
fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction
ShortRangeOrderParameter
Molds
number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- pH = −10 log(a_OH-)
Written as pOH
POH
ChemicallyDefinedMaterial
hasURLValue
Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.
MigrationArea
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerMinute
Cubic Metre Per Minute
Per Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /K. -- QUDT
PerKelvin
Reciprocal Kelvin
Atom subclass for ruthenium.
RutheniumAtom
EndTile
The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO.
VIMTerm
quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO)
Atom subclass for potassium.
PotassiumAtom
Irradiate
Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement.
Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays.
Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. See Shape4x3Matrix as an example.
Array
A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, and so forth...
Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrent'.
ElectricCurrentUnit
FunctionallyDefinedMaterial
For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i.
Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber.
IonicStrength
A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type.
Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage.
LogarithmicUnit
Decibel
Constant of a chemical reaction. It is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change.
StandardEquilibriumConstant
Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials.
ModulusOfElasticity
YoungsModulus
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasSign) o inverse (hasReferent) => hasInterpreter
A data representing 16-bit integer number.
ShortData
A unit of electric current per mass.
AmperePerGram
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerPressure'.
TemperaturePerPressureUnit
A cubic metre per second (m³s⁻¹, m³/s), cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English) is a derived SI unit of flow rate equal to that of a stere or cube with sides of one metre ( u0303 39.37 in) in length exchanged or moving each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerSecond
Cubic Metre per Second
Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium.
MolarAttenuationCoefficient
A bonded object is a sequence of fundamental interactions that can be described approximatively by Schrodinger formulation. A bonded object is typically characterised by having quantum states (e.g. electron states in an atom, energy levels of a molecule). Furthermore, a bonded object is made of elementary particles that travels from the beginning to the end of the entity (i.e. a bonded object doesn't change its components).
"... in the 'classical' picture ordinary matter is made of atoms, in which electrons are held in orbit around a nucleus of protons and neutrons by the electrical attraction of opposite charges. We can now give this model a more sophisticated formulation by attributing the binding force to the exchange of photons between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus. However, for the purposes of atomic physics this is overkill, for in this context quantization of the electromagnetic field produces only minute effects (notably the Lamb shift and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron). To excellent approximation we can pretend that the forces are given by Coulomb's law (together with various magnetic dipole couplings). The point is that in a bound state enormous numbers of photons are continually streaming back and forth, so that the "lumpiness" of the field is effectively smoothed out, and classical electrodynamics is a suitable approximation to the truth. But in most elementary particle processes, such as the photoelectric effect or Compton scattering, individual photons are involved, and quantization can no longer be ignored." D. Griffiths, "Introduction to elementary Particles", Wiley-VCH, 2004, pp.16-17
BondedObject
The symbol that stands for the gadolinium atom.
GadoliniumSymbol
Atom subclass for krypton.
KryptonAtom
The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes.
Deals with entities that have a defined shape.
Manufacturing
ISO 18435-1:2009 manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion
The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not.
A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure.
Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling).
ObjectiveProperty
QuantitativeProperty
PhysicalProperty
URL to corresponing entity in QUDT.
qudtReference
Enthalpy per unit mass.
SpecificEnthalpy
Plus
The relation between individuals representing non-overlapping entities (i.e. that have no parts in common).
notOverlaps
A unit for power per volume quantities.
WattPerLitre
A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer.
An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity.
Measurement
measurement
Per metre and nanometre and steradian.
PerMetreNanoMetreSteradian
ReciprocalMetreNanoMetreSteradian
A square metre unit of area per square metre -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerSquareMetre
square metre per square metre
Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70).
Moulding
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration is due to an explicit graphical procedure and shows an identifiable pattern.
This concept includes only things that are purposely created by an agent.
Graphical
'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ...
Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.
RollingResistance
RollingDrag
RollingFrictionForce
SI prefix who's value is 1e6.
Mega
Atom subclass for iodine.
IodineAtom
Physical quantity for measuring per volume.
ReciprocalVolume
Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant.
RelativePermeability
Procedure
From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”).
The symbol that stands for the europium atom.
EuropiumSymbol
Division
volume ratio as 0.000001-fold of the unit litre divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Microlitre Per Litre
Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process.
MaximumEfficiency
CarnotEfficiency
Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined
The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz.
Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system.
LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation
Property
From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”).
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTime'.
SquareTimeUnit
Atom subclass for sulfur.
SulfurAtom
The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied.
DynamicViscosity
Viscosity
A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator.
Assignment
The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge.
The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute.
The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc.
Solubility
A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process.
hasConvention
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerTime'.
TemperaturePerTimeUnit
Atom subclass for ytterbium.
YtterbiumAtom
The symbol that stands for the copernicium atom.
CoperniciumSymbol
derived SI unit weber divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Weber Per Millimetre
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses.
MassFractionUnit
Unit for mass fraction.
Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles.
AtomicPhysicsCrossSection
Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).
Quotient of the Boltzmann constant and the mass m.
SpecificGasConstant
Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum.
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMass'.
AmountPerMassUnit
The symbol that stands for the berkelium atom.
BerkeliumSymbol
A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation.
The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors.
conceptualisation
An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM).
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering
A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined.
Mixture
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase.
SolidLiquidSuspension
HandlingDevice
For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P.
NonActivePower
Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton.
GFactorOfAtom
Imaginary part of the complex power.
ReactivePower
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperatureTime'.
PerTemperatureTimeUnit
Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H.
MagneticFieldStrength
MagnetizingFieldStrength
The symbol that stands for the fermium atom.
FermiumSymbol
Atom subclass for holmium.
HolmiumAtom
Number of turns.
Rotation
Rotation is not necessarily integer.
A unicode character encoded with UTF-8.
UTF8
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroFaradPerKiloMetre
Microfarad Per Kilometre
Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number.
ExtentOfReaction
The symbol that stands for the curium atom.
CuriumSymbol
An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
PhysicsEquation
The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.
UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
The symbol that stands for the rutherfordium atom.
RutherfordiumSymbol
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional.
A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it.
Conventional
A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems.
Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass.
Extensive
Mass Volume Entropy
DebyeTemperature
Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances.
RelativeMassDensity
RelativeDensity
Atom subclass for bromine.
BromineAtom
Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.
NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
Mass of the contained water vapour per volume.
AbsoluteHumidity
MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
disappearsInto
Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process.
hasMetrologicalReference
In EMMO version 1.0.0-rc1, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.
The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time.
RadiantFlux
HardeningByForging
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths.
LengthFractionUnit
Unit for plane angle.
ChemicalMaterial
A material that contains two or more constituent materials.
CompositeMaterial
Composite
Atom subclass for promethium.
PromethiumAtom
Square volt per square Kelvin.
SquareVoltPerSquareKelvin
"Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified.
NominalProperty
CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. Sex of a human being.
nominal property
ISO80000Categorised
Metre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is mu00b7s-1, or equivalently either m/s. -- QUDT
MetrePerSecond
Relative change of length per change of temperature.
LinearExpansionCoefficient
Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle.
AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
Superclass for all units prefixed with "milli" (1e-3).
MilliPrefixedUnit
Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per mole, square metre per per, square metres per per, square meter/per, square metre/per. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerMole
Square Metre per Mole
A unit in the category of specific area.
SquareMetrePerGram
`Kelvin per Square Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time Squared' expressed as K / s². -- QUDT
KelvinPerSquareSecond
Kelvin per Square Second
An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables).
A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities.
MaterialRelation
The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. An Hamiltonian.
Per Nanometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /nm. -- QUDT
PerNanoMetre
ReciprocalNanoMetre
The symbol that stands for the xenon atom.
XenonSymbol
Kelvin square metres per kilogram and second.
Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field .
Permeability
A unit of energy density commonly used to measure the density of energy in batteries and capacitors.
WattHourPerLitre
Joule Per Square Meter (J/m²) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per square meter, joule per square metre, joule/square meter, joule/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
JoulePerSquareMetre
Joule per Square Metre
HotDipGalvanizing
Hot-dipGalvanizing
Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface.
SolidAngularMeasure
SolidAngle
Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture.
MassFraction
The symbol that stands for the flerovium atom.
FleroviumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the beryllium atom.
BerylliumSymbol
Per Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m. -- QUDT
PerMetre
Reciprocal metre
ThermalCutting
Square Pascal Second (Pa²· s) is a unit in the category of sound exposure. -- QUDT
SquarePascalSecond
Square Pascal Second
Suspensions show no significant effect on light.
An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase.
Suspension
`Kelvin per Hour` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / h. -- QUDT
KelvinPerHour
Kelvin per Hour
Real part of the admittance.
ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent
Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process.
MaximumBetaParticleEnergy
The SI derived unit of angular momentum. -- QUDT
NewtonMetreSecond
Newton Metre Second
Icon
From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”).
An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property.
Measurer
Ratio of circular arc length to radius.
Angle
PlaneAngle
A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerVolume'.
FrequencyPerVolumeUnit
product out of the SI base unit ampere and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
AmpereSecond
Ampere Second
The class for entities which stands for data expressed using a symbolic encoding.
A symbolic data is a a data that is rooted on some symbolic based encoding, such as floating point numbers, strings, integer. They are not to be intended as mathematical entities (even if they may be interpreted as such) but as syntactic structures (datastructures or datatypes) based on concatenated tokens (or symbols, letters) that can deliver data.
SymbolicData
The symbol that stands for the thallium atom.
ThalliumSymbol
Per Pascal and Second.
PerPascalSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalMass'.
ReciprocalMassUnit
Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction.
A solid solution made of two or more component substances.
SolidSolution
The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTime'.
PressurePerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Mass'.
MassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAmount'.
PerAmountUnit
Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter.
Heat
A sub collection realtion where the proper part is fully encompasses some of the members of the collection.
hasMultipleMembers
Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent
OsmoticFactorOfSolvent
LiquidPhaseSintering
The joule-second is a unit equal to a joule multiplied by a second, used to measure action or angular momentum. The joule-second is the unit used for Planck's constant. -- QUDT
JouleSecond
Joule Second
derived SI unit volt divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Volt Per Centimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureLengthPerTime'.
TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit
Ruby
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureAreaPerMassTime'.
TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerAmount'.
MassPerAmountUnit
duration of one cycle of a periodic event
PeriodDuration
Period
The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−.
The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero.
For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e.
ChargeNumber
IonizationNumber
Atom subclass for darmastadtium.
DarmastadtiumAtom
Scalar data are primitive symbolic data that are not built up of other types of symbolic data.
A symbolic data that is not array data.
ScalarData
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”).
Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle.
ResonanceEnergy
A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.
Internal energy per unit mass.
SpecificInternalEnergy
Physical quantity of dimension energy × time.
Action
MetallicPowderSintering
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerSquareMetre
Cubic Metre Per Square Metre
A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system.
InternalEnergy
ThermodynamicEnergy
Newton metre per metre and radian.
`Kelvin per Minute` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / m. -- QUDT
KelvinPerMinute
Kelvin per Minute
Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394.
The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality.
RatioQuantity
refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant
Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
PoissonNumber
PoissonsRatio
Atom subclass for astatine.
AstatineAtom
A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation.
hasTemporalTile
hasTemporalDirectPart
Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume.
MolecularConcentration
CentrifugalCasting
Newton Meter per Radian is the SI unit for Torsion Constant -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerRadian
Newton metre per radian
Cementing
"Per Square Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m². -- QUDT
PerSquareMetre
ReciprocalSquareMetre
The symbol that stands for the nitrogen atom.
NitrogenSymbol
Equipment
From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’.
The symbol that stands for the technetium atom.
TechnetiumSymbol
Extrusion
`Kelvin per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / s. -- QUDT
KelvinPerSecond
Kelvin per Second
Information is encoded data with a meaning (semiotic sign).
Information
A single phase mixture.
PhaseHomogeneousMixture
Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface.
ParticleCurrentDensity
Newton metre seconds measured per metre -- QUDT
Newton metre seconds per metre
The inverse of a molar concentration - the untits of per molarity. -- QUDT
Litres per micromole
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerMass'.
ElectricChargePerMassUnit
Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85).
A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x).
hasSuccessor
isAntecedentOf
My life between 18-24 years has successor my life between 32-40 years, since there is an intermediary (i.e. my life between 25-32 years).
Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.
DebyeWallerFactor
Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance.
DragCoefficient
DragFactor
An heterogenous object made of different graphical object parts.
Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events.
Duration
Quotient of change of volume and original volume.
RelativeVolumeStrain
BulkStrain
VolumeStrain
Energy per unit change in amount of substance.
ChemicalPotential
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.
VacuumElectricPermittivity
PermittivityOfVacuum
SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
JoulePerSecond
Joule Per Second
The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts.
overlaps
The datatype for bidimensional arrays.
MatrixData
isAddedTo
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase.
LiquidLiquidSuspension
The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
AmountFraction
MoleFraction
The symbol that stands for the bohrium atom.
BohriumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'Energy'.
EnergyUnit
URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry.
wikipediaReference
The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles). The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon).
System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function.
SystemProgram
An operating system. A graphic driver.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ForcePerLength'.
ForcePerLengthUnit
The equals symbol.
Equals
The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).
The class of units with dimensionality 'Length'.
LengthUnit
hasBehaviour
Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0.
MagneticPolarisation
Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis.
OsmoticPressure
Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way.
The symbol that stands for the sodium atom.
SodiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the helium atom.
HeliumSymbol
hasStage
Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field.
LarmonAngularFrequency
Derivative of velocity with respect to time.
Acceleration
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCharge'.
ElectricChargeUnit
A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.
CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”
PhysicsBasedSimulation
Atom subclass for moscovium.
MoscoviumAtom
Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as newtons/coulomb. Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) has a dimension of MLT-3I-1 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit V/m. -- QUDT
NewtonPerCoulomb
Newton per Coulomb
Change of thermodynamic temperature with respect to pressure in a Joule-Thomson process at constant enthalpy.
JouleThomsonCoefficient
InterferenceFitting
GravityCasting
The symbol that stands for the niobium atom.
NiobiumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerLength'.
TimePerLengthUnit
Square root of the migration area, M^2.
MigrationLength
Per Tesla Second Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /s . T. -- QUDT
PerTeslaSecond
Per Tesla and Second unit.
Ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events.
Dissociation may occur stepwise.
DegreeOfDissociation
DissociationFraction
Relates an array to the scalar data of its basic elements.
hasScalarData
The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
Kelvin
affects
Self-connected one-manyfold.
Circle
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerTime'.
MassPerTimeUnit
A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
Estimator
The symbol that stands for the bromine atom.
BromineSymbol
A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to 2π /360 rad, 0.017453 rad. It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit for angles is radian, but is an accepted SI unit. -- QUDT
Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees.
Degree
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerMass'.
VolumePerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolume'.
ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit
Atom subclass for cobalt.
CobaltAtom
Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and Pascal.
qualifiedOverlaps
Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature
CoherenceLength
Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.
RadiantEnergy
Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).
The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units.
ucumCode
A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere.
Dust
Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions.
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaDensity'.
AreaDensityUnit
A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
Modeller
An elementary fermionic particle that is the fundamental constituent of matter.
ElementaryQuark
hasCharacterised
Atom subclass for radon.
RadonAtom
A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m,n>1
Interaction
The CGS unit of volume, equal to 10-6 cubic meter, 1 milliliter, or about 0.061 023 7 cubic inch -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetre
cubic centimetre
The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state.
RybergConstant
A 2-manifold with two unconnected boundaries.
Plane
Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added
The union of the CausalCluster and CausalStructure classes.
A fusion is any entity that is made up of two or more quantum entities, regardless of the fact that they are or not self-connected.
The class of individuals representing mereological fusions consisting of two or more quantum entities.
Fusion
An atom, a group of persons, a fluid.
The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons) requiring their presence, without excluding particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter.
A matter entity requires the presence of fermions without excluding the presence of real or virtual fundamental bosons parts that are responsible for the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions.
The class of physical objects that have some fermionic quantum parts.
Matter
PhysicalSubstance
Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction.
`Per Second Square Meter` is a measure of flux with dimensions /sec-m². -- QUDT
PerSecondSquareMetre
ReciprocalSecondSquareMetre
ElectricCurrentPhasor
Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane.
BraggAngle
For metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature.
ResidualResistivity
Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
Solution
Atom subclass for carbon.
CarbonAtom
1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers.
Vector
1DArray
The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process.
This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process.
Product
Output
DifferentialOperator
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassLengthPerCubicTime'.
MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit
According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one.
A pure number, typically the number of something.
PureNumberQuantity
1, i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Chemical Abstact Service registry number for a chemical substance from the American Chemical Society
CASRN
hasHolisticTemporalPart
ThermomechanicalTreatment
SI prefix who's value is 1/10.
Deci
Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval.
Activity
A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.
PhaseOfMatter
Phase
Energy per amount of substance.
MolarEnergy
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroSiemensPerMetre
Microsiemens Per Metre
A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process.
hasCogniser
It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid
A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes.
powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them
it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape
In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ).
A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed.
The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.
it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape.
Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product
a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation
In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass.
WorkPiece
SI prefix who's value is 1e-12.
Pico
`Ampere hour` is a practical unit of electric charge equal to the charge flowing in one hour through a conductor passing one ampere. An ampere-hour or amp-hour (symbol Ah, AHr, A · h, A h) is a unit of electric charge, with sub-units milliampere-hour (mAh) and milliampere second (mAs). One ampere-hour is equal to 3600 coulombs (ampere-seconds), the electric charge transferred by a steady current of one ampere for one hour. The ampere-hour is frequently used in measurements of electrochemical systems such as electroplating and electrical batteries. The commonly seen milliampere-hour (mAh or mA · h) is one-thousandth of an ampere-hour (3.6 coulombs). -- QUDT
AmpereHour
Ampere Hour
SI prefix who's value is 1e9.
Giga
A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts.
Workflow
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6.
ElectromagneticQuantity
Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism.
QualityFactor
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts.
TemporalTile
The symbol that stands for the hydrogen atom.
HydrogenSymbol
Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J.
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTimeMass'.
PerTimeMassUnit
Electroplating
Kilogram metre.
MetreKilogram
A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases.
hasTemporalPart
In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.
The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerAreaTime'.
FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit
Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition.
LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition
The symbol that stands for the samarium atom.
SamariumSymbol
`Ampere Per Square Meter` is a unit in the category of electric current density. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
AmperePerSquareMetre
Ampere per Square Metre
Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions.
ThermalDiffusionFactor
Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder).
ArchetypeJoin
Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level.
Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic.
NumberOfElements
The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs.
Kilogram
Square metre per Kelvin.
SquareMetrePerKelvin
Property of a solute in a solution.
StandardAbsoluteActivity
StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution
The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain.
A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.
MathematicalFormula
SI prefix who's value is a positive integer larger than 1.
SIMultiplePrefix
The class of individuals standing for causally convex interacting systems.
It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts as object according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal interacting systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are part of elementaries whose paths start and end within the entitiy. We call this causal convexity. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of a convex system, while a real photon that is the carrier of clasical electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. A physical phenomenon is defined as a causally non-convex interacting system, complement of causally convex interacting system.
PhysicalObject
Position vector of a particle.
ParticlePositionVector
Collection
From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’.
Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
ComputerSystem
Computer
MetallicMaterial
Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type.
A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers.
A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat.
Coded
The name "red" that stands for the color of an object.
A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author.
Device
From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide".
The SI derived unit of electrical resistance, named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
Ω = V/A = H/s
Ohm
Atom subclass for phosphorus.
PhosphorusAtom
This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both.
A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts.
holisticOverlaps
A man and the process of building a house. The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views.
Non-SI prefixed units that have been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
SIAcceptedPrefixedUnit
An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas.
LiquidAerosol
A change of temperature on the Kelvin temperature scale in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT
KelvinPerMetre
KelvinPerMeter
The proper part relation has the following pair-covering sub-relations: - hasMembers xor hasPiece - hasPortionPart xor hasGatheredPart . hasItemPart xor hasScatteredPart
The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
hasProperPart
Volt per Kelvin.
VoltPerKelvin
The symbol that stands for the gold atom.
GoldSymbol
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
MicroNewton
Data
From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”).
An interpreted computer language for job control in computing.
CommandLanguage
Unix shell. Batch programming languages.
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
AtomisticModel
Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes.
RapidPrototyping
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity.
hasNumberValue
Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points.
PathLength
ArcLength
A symbol that stands for a single unit.
UnitSymbol
Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J".
ISO 8887-1:2017 manufacturing: production of components
CrystallineMaterial
The symbol that stands for the tin atom.
TinSymbol
Atom subclass for copernicium.
CoperniciumAtom
"Coulomb per Meter" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Line Density' expressed as C/m. -- QUDT
CoulombPerMetre
Coulomb per Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'InversePermittivity'.
InversePermittivityUnit
Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate.
DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite
Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
NewtonianConstantOfGravity
Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared.
Watt per metre and Kelvin unit.
WattPerMetreKelvin
The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations.
The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM).
mereological
The symbol that stands for the radium atom.
RadiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the boron atom.
BoronSymbol
Part
From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’.
ElementalMaterial
A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.
InternalStep
A data representing an arbritrary precision decimal number.
DecimalData
A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process.
Manufacturer
Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item).
Superclass for all units prefixed with "centi" (0.01).
CentiPrefixedUnit
Atom subclass for meitnerium.
MeitneriumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerDensity'.
PowerDensityUnit
Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material.
Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'.
ElectricConductance
Conductance
Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository.
A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts.
MachineCell
Presses
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetrePerMole
Cubic Decimetre Per Mole
Atom subclass for indium.
IndiumAtom
Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed.
A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product.
AssemblyLine
A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts.
The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself.
The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole.
Arrangement
MereologicalState
e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin.
An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design.
ModellingLanguage
Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures.
Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation.
The symbol that stands for the palladium atom.
PalladiumSymbol
product of the derived SI unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Newton Metre Per Kilogram
A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental fermionic type (half-integer spin).
CompositeFermion
Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron)
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
GramPerHour
Gram Per Hour
Atom subclass for neon.
NeonAtom
We usa a predicate template notation as RP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of RP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that RP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ φ(x) ∧ φ(y)
reciprocal value of the unit litre -- QUDT
ReciprocalLitre
Reciprocal Litre
A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. -- VIM
MeasuringSystem
measuring system
Mole Kelvin is a unit for `Temperature Amount Of Substance` expressed as mol-K. -- QUDT
MoleKelvin
Mole Kelvin
Units used to describe the sensitivity of detection of a spectrophotometer. -- QUDT
Reciprocal micromole per litre
MathematicalConstruct
Relative change of length with respect the original length.
RelativeLinearStrain
Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface.
Milling
The symbol that stands for the indium atom.
IndiumSymbol
An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole.
A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time.
HolisticSystem
The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.
A data representing 64-bit integer number.
LongData
Superclass for all units prefixed with "nano" (1e-9).
NanoPrefixedUnit
The symbol that stands for the hassium atom.
HassiumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy'.
ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit
Square centimetre per second.
Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process.
ProcessEngineeringProcess
Entropy per amount of substance.
MolarEntropy
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Microgram Per Litre
Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point.
DewPointTemperature
PolymericMaterial
ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°.
The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient
Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C.
IonActivity
Minus
1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
MegaAmperePerSquareMetre
Megaampere Per Square Metre
Deals with undefined shapes both input and output.
The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding).
MaterialSynthesis
Derived unit for the product of the temperature in degrees Celsius and the mass density of a medium, integrated over vertical depth or height in metres. -- QUDT
Degrees Celsius kilogram per square metre
The watt hour per cubic meter is a unit of energy density, equal to 3,600 joule per cubic meter. -- QUDT
WattHourPerCubicMetre
Watthour per Cubic metre
A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions.
A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do.
SourceCode
The symbol that stands for the plutonium atom.
PlutoniumSymbol
In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. -- SI brouchure The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: ^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0"
Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI).
SIDimensionalUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SIDimensional'.
Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a.
ParticleFluence
The symbol that stands for the nickel atom.
NickelSymbol
The symbol that stands for the neptunium atom.
NeptuniumSymbol
Watt Per Kelvin (W/K) is a unit in the category of Thermal conductivity. -- QUDT
WattPerKelvin
Watt per Kelvin
A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process.
ManufacturingDevice
The symbol that stands for the dysprosium atom.
DysprosiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the bismuth atom.
BismuthSymbol
InorganicCompound
Mean solar day -- QUDT
A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds.
Day
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmount'.
VolumePerAmountUnit
"Square Coulomb Square Meter per Joule" is a unit for 'Polarizability' expressed as C² m² J⁻¹. -- QUDT
SquareCoulombSquareMetrePerJoule
Square Coulomb Square Metre per Joule
Pascal metre per square second.
SI prefix who's value is 1000.
Kilo
A computer language used to describe simulations.
SimulationLanguage
A standard 2-manifold with no unconnected boundaries.
Sphere
Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time.
AbsorbedDoseRate
"Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule" is a unit for 'Cubic Electric Dipole Moment Per Square Energy' expressed as C³ m³ J⁻². -- QUDT
CubicCoulombMetrePerSquareJoule
Cubic Coulomb Metre per Square Joule
Time derivative of the dose equivalent.
DoseEquivalentRate
Square kilogram per square second.
The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Pressure
The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique.
universe
Volt Per Meter (V/m) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as volts per meter, volt/meter, volt/metre, volt per metre, volts per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Volt Per Meter (V/m) has a dimension of MLT⁻³I⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
VoltPerMetre
Volt per Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassFlux'.
MassFluxUnit
Moles per square metre per second per steradian.
Watt Per Square Meter Per Quartic Kelvin (W/m2·K4) is a unit in the category of light. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetreQuarticKelvin
Watt per Square Metre Quartic Kelvin
A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.
WellFormedTessellation
A liquid solution made of two or more component substances.
LiquidSolution
A data representing 32-bit non-negative integer number, 0...4294967295.
UnsignedIntData
Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off.
DigitalData
This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else.
An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure.
An icon that focusing WHAT the object does.
FunctionalIcon
A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics).
A guinea pig.
A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase.
LiquidSolidSuspension
Mud
Fhe force of friction on an object that is not moving.
StaticFrictionForce
StaticFriction
Newton seconds measured per radian -- QUDT
Newton seconds per radian
A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type.
IterativeWorkflow
Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface.
KineticFrictionForce
DynamicFrictionForce
In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path.
File
A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one hour. -- QUDT
PascalPerHour
Pascal per Hour
Per Square Giga Electron Volt Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /GeV². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSquareGigaElectronVolt
Reciprocal Square Giga Electron Volt
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3.
SpaceAndTimeQuantity
SI prefix who's value is 1e-27.
Ronto
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
MicroCoulombPerSquareMetre
Microcoulomb Per Square Metre
Atom subclass for protactinium.
ProtactiniumAtom
The simplest 2-manifold with genus 1.
Torus
Casting
Mole Per Kilogram (mol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT
MolePerKilogram
Mole per Kilogram
"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system".
DerivedQuantity
derived quantity
From Latin manu factum ("made by hand").
product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
VoltAmpere
Volt Ampere
The class for all relations used by the EMMO.
EMMORelation
The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension.
DimensionlessUnit
Refractive index Plane angle Number of apples
In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.
ReactionEnergy
A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.
CurieTemperature
SI prefix who's value is 1e24.
Yotta
DippingForms
The symbol that stands for the sulfur atom.
SulfurSymbol
A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
Boson
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeTemperature'.
LengthTimeTemperatureUnit
Ventilation rate in Litres per second divided by the floor area -- QUDT
LitrePerSecondPerSquareMetre
Litre Per Second Per Square Metre
the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
Concentration
The class of units with dimensionality 'Momentum'.
MomentumUnit
The power per unit area of radiation of a given wavenumber illuminating a target at a given incident angle. -- QUDT
Watts metre per square metre steradian
A reciprocal unit of time for `reciprocal minute` or `inverse minute`. -- QUDT
ReciprocalMinute
Reciprocal Minute
A composite particle is a bonded particle for which it is possible to clearly define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. The term particle is then reserved for entities whose fermionic or bosonic nature is clearly defined.
BondedParticle
Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor.
ComplexPower
ComplexApparentPower
vector quantity between any two points in space
Displacement
Either a proton or a neutron.
Nucleon
Partition function of a molecule.
MolecularPartitionFunction
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticDipoleMoment'.
MagneticDipoleMomentUnit
The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out.
hasOutcome
Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point.
AngularMomentum
Atom subclass for tungsten.
TungstenAtom
The symbol that stands for the selenium atom.
SeleniumSymbol
This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). A dataset as solution is a conventional sign.
A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object.
PhysicsEquationSolution
A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory.
Laplacian
CausalStructure
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”).
SI prefix who's value is 1/N where N is a positive integer larger than 1.
SISubMultiplePrefix
PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering
A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivityPerAmount'.
ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit
Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects.
A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit.
SpecialUnit
Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m
Newton metre seconds measured per radian -- QUDT
Newton metre seconds per radian
Becquerel per square metre.
BecquerelPerSquareMetre
Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt-
VolumeFlowRate
VolumetricFlowRate
Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J.
MagneticSusceptibility
The SI unit of specific acoustic impedance. When sound waves pass through any physical substance the pressure of the waves causes the particles of the substance to move. The sound specific impedance is the ratio between the sound pressure and the particle velocity it produces. The specific impedance is 1 N · s · m⁻³ if unit pressure produces unit velocity. -- QUDT
NewtonSecondPerCubicMetre
Newton second per Cubic Metre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroHenryPerMetre
Microhenry Per Metre
SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
HenryPerKiloOhm
Henry Per Kiloohm
Ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type.
DissociationConstant
Square metre and quartic Hertz.
The SI unit of exposure rate -- QUDT
Coulomb Per Kilogram Second
An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives.
Organisation
ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives
ArithmeticEquation
TransportationDevice
Heat capacity at constant pressure.
IsobaricHeatCapacity
HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
Square metre and cubic Hertz.
Atom subclass for tennessine.
TennessineAtom
A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process.
hasInterpreter
An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process.
A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part.
According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition
Sign
A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols.
`Electron Volt per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Heat Capacity' expressed as eV/K. -- QUDT
ElectronVoltPerKelvin
Electron Volt per Kelvin
Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume.
AbsorbedDose
Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units.
"The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -- SI Brochure
UnitOne
Unitless
Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out.
Refractive index or volume fraction.
The superclass for all classes whose entities are part of an entity of different type.
A qualified role is an entity of a type that requires to be part of a another specific and different type. For example, a participant is always required to be part of a process, or a student always requires to be part of a school. This definition provides a clear and precise way to define what a role is.
QualifiedRole
Atom subclass for zirconium.
ZirconiumAtom
The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons.
The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances.
A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests).
PhysicalParticle
`Watt Per Steradian (W/sr)` is the unit in the category of Radiant intensity. It is also known as watts per steradian. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Steradian (W/sr) has a dimension of M· L⁻²· T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSteradian
Watt per Steradian
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFieldStrength'.
MagneticFieldStrengthUnit
The symbol that stands for the neodymium atom.
NeodymiumSymbol
For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.
LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
The symbol that stands for the lutetium atom.
LutetiumSymbol
Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s.
BeginTile
The IUPAC Gold Book defines the a chemical element both as: - a species of atoms; all atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus - a pure chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus This qualifies a chemical element as a name and not a matter obejct that can stand for an atom or a substance.
The symbol for a specific chemical element, that can stand both for an atom or a substance.
ChemicalElement
The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process.
Interpretant
The negative of ElementaryCharge.
The charge of an electron.
ElectronCharge
Semiotics
The class of all the OWL individuals representing world entities according to EMMO conceptualisation.
EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one).
EMMO
Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
DebyeAngularWaveNumber
DebyeAngluarRepetency
From Latin succedĕre ("coming after").
Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus.
MassNumber
Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters.
The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
hasParticipant
Atom subclass for neodymium.
NeodymiumAtom
The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum.
VacuumMagneticPermeability
The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
Ampere
Atom subclass for terbium.
TerbiumAtom
Observation
From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),
The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere'.
NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9.
PhysioChemicalQuantity
Quantity in condensed matter physics.
EnergyDensityOfStates
A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved.
StandaloneModelSimulation
EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology.
`Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin `(W m⁻² K⁻¹) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat transfer coefficient. It is also known as watt/square meter-kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin (W m⁻² K⁻¹) has a dimension of MT⁻¹Q⁻¹ where M is mass, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetreKelvin
Watt per Square Metre Kelvin
A zero-manifold of only one point.
Point
A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure.
ModelledProperty
Atom subclass for dubnium.
DubniumAtom
A liquid solution in which the solvent is water.
AqueousSolution
Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols.
NumericalData
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassTemperature'.
MassTemperatureUnit
An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception.
Determiner
SI unit for energy.
The SI unit of work or energy, defined to be the work done by a force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one meter in the direction in which the force is applied. Equivalently, since kinetic energy is one half the mass times the square of the velocity, one joule is the kinetic energy of a mass of two kilograms moving at a velocity of 1 m/s. -- QUDT
Joule
SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
MolePerMinute
Mole Per Minute
Atom subclass for rubidium.
RubidiumAtom
process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,
SI prefix who's value is 100.
Hecto
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroSiemensPerCentiMetre
Microsiemens Per Centimetre
In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stands for the same number. In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept.
A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers).
A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue.
A numerical data value.
Number
Numeral
Superclass for all units prefixed with "zepto" (1e-21).
ZeptoPrefixedUnit
SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Siemens Per Centimetre
`Watt per steradian per square metre` is the SI unit of radiance (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²), while that of spectral radiance in frequency is the watt per steradian per square metre per hertz (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·Hz⁻¹) and that of spectral radiance in wavelength is the watt per steradian per square metre, per metre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻³), commonly the watt per steradian per square metre per nanometre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·nm⁻¹). It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetreSteradian
Watt per Square Metre Steradian
Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3.
Baryon
Distance is the norm of Displacement.
Shortest path length between two points in a metric space.
Distance
SolidMixture
FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing
Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr.
SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
The joule per mole (symbol: J· mol⁻¹) is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material. Energy is measured in joules, and the amount of material is measured in moles. Physical quantities measured in J· mol⁻¹) usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The meaning of such a quantity is always context-dependent and, particularly for chemical reactions, is dependent on the (possibly arbitrary) definition of a 'mole' for a particular process. -- QUDT
JoulePerMole
Joule per Mole
A step that is a temporal tile of a workflow.
SerialStep
A symbolic construct that provides informations about the chemical proportions of the elements that constitute a chemical compound or a specific molecule.
A chemical formula may also include other symbols such as parentheses, plus and minus signs, brackets
ChemicalFormula
Pascal Second Per Meter (Pa-s/m) is a unit in the category of Specific acoustic impedance. It is also known as pascal-second/meter. Pascal Second Per Meter has a dimension of ML²T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit kg/m2· s. -- QUDT
PascalSecondPerMetre
Pascal Second Per Metre
SI derived unit joule divided by the 3600 times the SI base unit second -- QUDT
JoulePerHour
Joule Per Hour
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerSquareTime'.
TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit
hasCollaborationWith
A formal language used to communicate with a computer.
The categorisation of computer languages is based on Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering
ComputerLanguage
A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces.
The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole.
JoinManufacturing
Fügen
The symbol that stands for the magnesium atom.
MagnesiumSymbol
Power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Metre Per Cubic Metre
Imaginary part of the admittance.
Susceptance
The symbol that stands for the zinc atom.
ZincSymbol
SI prefix who's value is 1e12.
Tera
Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test.
Planing
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassArea'.
MassAreaUnit
SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
MolePerHour
Mole Per Hour
Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality.
The SI unit of pressure. The pascal is the standard pressure unit in the MKS metric system, equal to one newton per square meter or one "kilogram per meter per second per second." The unit is named for Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French philosopher and mathematician, who was the first person to use a barometer to measure differences in altitude. -- QUDT
Newtons Per Square Metre
Joule per metre.
JoulePerMetre
A relation between entities that are only one-directionally causally connected.
A relation jointly covered by hasNext and hasSuccessor relations, which are mutually exclusive.
isTemporallyBefore
HeatTreatment
The superproperty of all object property relations between an entity and one of its proper parts that belongs to different taxonomical branch.
hasDistinctPart
A molecule is a distinct part of a fluid.
unit litre divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
LitrePerMole
Litre Per Mole
HardeningByRolling
A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol.
PrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctance'.
MagneticReluctanceUnit
CondensedFormula
An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number, together with simple information about the connectivity of its groups by using parenthesis or by goruping element names according to its molecular structure.
unit litre divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
LitrePerMinute
Litre Per Minute
Number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
AtomicNumber
In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence.
EnergyFluenceRate
Unit litre divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
LitrePerHour
Litre Per Hour
Atom subclass for lawrencium.
LawrenciumAtom
Enforcing parthood reflexivity.
Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once.
LinkedFlux
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMass'.
SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
Gram Per Millilitre
A language object following a specific nomenclature rules for defining univocal names of chemical compounds.
A chemical numenclature should not be confused with the chemical formula.
ChemicalNomenclature
The symbol that stands for the titanium atom.
TitaniumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimePerMass'.
LengthTimePerMassUnit
For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase.
PhaseVelocity
PhaseSpeed
A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase.
LiquidGasSuspension
Sparkling water
The base units in the SI system.
SIBaseUnit
The symbol that stands for the praseodymium atom.
PraseodymiumSymbol
Transitivity for parthood.
Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi.
AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
CausalChain
From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”).
Atom subclass for bohrium.
BohriumAtom
Atom subclass for europium.
EuropiumAtom
All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe.
Sum of electric current density and displacement current density.
TotalCurrentDensity
A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell.
ShellScript
A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass.
A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties.
MaterialsProcessing
ContinuumManufacturing
Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam.
Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron.
NonLeakageProbability
Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood.
hasNumericalPart
FlexuralForming
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity. In SI units, it is measured in radians per Square second (rad/s²), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter α. -- QUDT
RadianPerSquareSecond
Radian per Square Second
The watt hour is a unit of energy, equal to 3,600 joule. -- QUDT
WattHour
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyTimePerAmount'.
EnergyTimePerAmountUnit
Resistance quantum.
The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge.
VonKlitzingConstant
A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts.
The class of individuals representing causally self-connected world entities.
The disjoint union of Causal Path and CausalSystem classes.
The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph
product of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
HertzMetre
Hertz Metre
A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
StandardUnit
Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l
An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters.
Namer
unit with the name Degree Celsius divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
DegreeCelsiusPerKelvin
Degree Celsius Per Kelvin
The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ).
StandardizedPhysicalQuantity
A three-manifold with Euclidean metric.
EuclideanSpace
Atom subclass for sodium.
SodiumAtom
Atom subclass for francium.
FranciumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'RichardsonConstant'.
RichardsonConstantUnit
A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase.
SolidGasSuspension
The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P.
participatesTo
NMTOKENData
Number of one type of species divided by the number of all species.
AtomFraction
MolePerMole
Moles per mole
The symbol that stands for the phosphorus atom.
PhosphorusSymbol
A language used to describe what a computer system should do.
SpecificationLanguage
ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ...
Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing.
VolumeFraction
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreicSpeed'.
AreicSpeedUnit
A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially.
LinkedModelsSimulation
FormingFromIonised
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts.
SpatialTile
A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective.
Hypothesis
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid.
DragForce
A flow of electric charge.
ElectricCurrent
Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.
Compressibility
Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid.
KinematicViscosity
The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality.
A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct.
PhysicsMathematicalComputation
Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π.
RotationalFrequency
A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined.
Solid
SI prefix who's value is 1e-18.
Atto
DropForging
Heat released or absorbed energy during a constant-temperature process.
LatentHeat
The class of individuals representing causal clusters.
With the causal cluster term we address an heterogenous group of entities, which possess the common feature of having at least two causally non connected quanta. It comprises collections (non self-connected entities) and causal systems (entities extended in space).
The disjoint union of the CausalSystem and Collection classes.
Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium.
MassAttenuationCoefficient
Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per kilogram, square metre per kilogram, square metres per kilogram, square meter/kilogram, square metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Square Metre per Kilogram
Enthalpy per amount of substance.
MolarEnthalpy
Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference.
Radius
Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air.
Exposure
hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution
A measure used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature. -- QUDT
AmperePerDegreeCelsius
Ampere per Degree Celsius
The symbol that stands for the molybdenum atom.
MolybdenumSymbol
Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay.
InternalConversionFactor
InternalConversionCoefficient
FiberboardManufacturing
Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together.
A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts.
An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality.
'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron.
Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s.
The symbol that stands for the lawrencium atom.
LawrenciumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticLengthTime'.
MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit
hasManufacturedOutput
The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. It defines the base unit second in the SI system.
HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs
emergesFrom
The superclass for all classes whose entities requires to have at least a part of different type.
A qualified whole is an entity of a type that requires to have parts of a another specific and different type. For example, a process always requires to have a participant, or a car always requires to have a powertrain. This definition provides a clear and precise way to define what a whole is.
QualifiedWhole
The symbol that stands for the tantalum atom.
TantalumSymbol
ArithmeticOperator
0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Millimetre
A data representing 8-bit integer number.
ByteData
We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen.
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7.
LightAndRadiationQuantity
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthMass'.
LengthMassUnit
Symbol representing a punctuation character.
Punctuation
application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeDensity'.
ElectricChargeDensityUnit
Inverse of the radius of curvature.
Curvature
The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application.
CategorizedPhysicalQuantity
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerKelvin
Cubic Centimetre Per Kelvin
A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid.
SolidSol
A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'.
Semiosis
Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant "Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign
The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units).
A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit.
DimensionalUnit
DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC
iupacReference
A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one minute. -- QUDT
PascalPerMinute
Pascal per Minute
`Joule Per Cubic Meter` (J/m³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per cubic meter, joule per cubic metre, joules per cubic metre, joule/cubic meter, joule/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
JoulePerCubicMetre
Joule per Cubic Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeCurrent'.
LengthTimeCurrentUnit
Per cubic metre and second.
PerCubicMetreSecond
"Gray per Second" is a unit for 'Absorbed Dose Rate' expressed as Gy/s. -- QUDT
GrayPerSecond
Gray per Second
The symbol that stands for the roentgenium atom.
RoentgeniumSymbol
Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
ISQDerivedQuantity
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLength'.
PerLengthUnit
Atom subclass for argon.
ArgonAtom
The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,
A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number.
IonAtom
ArithmeticExpression
The inverse relation for overcrosses.
isOvercrossedBy
The inverse relation of hasSign.
isSignFor
Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current.
MutualInductance
Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability.
QuantumData
Relative change of pressure with temperature at constant volume.
RelativePressureCoefficient
Joule square metre per kilogram.
In the EMMO we use the following JSON based syntax to represent arrays: - mono-dimensional array [v1,v2,...,vn] (vector) - bi-dimensional array [[v1,v2,...,vn],[w1,w2,...,2n]] (matrix) This notation can be extended to multidimensional arrays.
An array is a datatype representing an ordered collection of elements (or values) that can be accessed by indexes. Arrays have an analog mathematical counterpart in vectors and matrixes, but are separate concepts. Arrays may be multidimensionals.
ArrayData
The structure of an array is expressed mereologically. It consists of a set of equally sized tiles. The tiles of an n-dimensional array are (n-1) dimensional arrays. The tiles of an (n-1)-dimensional array are (n-2) dimensional arrays, and so forth down to 1-dimensional arrays (vectors), whos tiles are scalar data.
The `hasSpatialTile` relation can be used to navigate between the dimensions of an array. The `hasScalarData` relation can be used to refer to the basic scalar data of the single array elements.
Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0.
ElectricFluxDensity
ElectricDisplacement
The mass of an atomic element according to IUPAC 2016.
This is a convenient shortcut for the measurement process process of the atomic mass reported by IUPAC2016.
hasIUPAC2016AtomicMass
Atom subclass for lanthanum.
LanthanumAtom
Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function.
RichardsonConstant
Extent of an object in space.
Volume
Sum of electric current and displacement current
TotalCurrent
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTimeTemperature'.
AreaTimeTemperatureUnit
Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system.
May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system.
Entropy
Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
The atomic number of an atomic element.
This is a convenient shortcut for the conventional declaration process of assigning an atomic number to an atom subclass.
hasAtomicNumber
Quotient of thermal conductivity and the product of mass density and specific heat capacity.
ThermalDiffusivity
An initial step of a workflow.
There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel.
BeginStep
InjectionMolding
Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave.
WaveVector
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductance'.
ThermalConductanceUnit
The symbol that stands for the lithium atom.
LithiumSymbol
Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them.
ShearStrain
The class of units with dimensionality 'CapacitancePerLength'.
CapacitancePerLengthUnit
hasEndTask
StaticFrictionCoefficient
CoefficientOfStaticFriction
StaticFrictionFactor
In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material.
LinearAttenuationCoefficient
Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π.
LarmonFrequency
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre
Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology
The input of a process.
hasInput
A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity.
Gel
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress.
Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber.
PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves
`Cubic Kilometer per Square Second` is a unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as km³/s². -- QUDT
CubicKiloMetrePerSquareSecond
Cubic Kilometre per Square Second
The dependent variable for which an equation has been written.
Unknown
Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation.
The SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
SI unit for absorbed dose.
Gray
Square root of the slowing down area.
SlowingDownLength
The inverse relation of hasDescription.
isDescriptionFor
Second per metre.
For solvent A, standard absolute activity of the pure substance A at the same temperature and at a standard pressure.
StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent
An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms.
A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing.
StandaloneAtom
Helmholtz energy per unit mass.
SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
Real part of the impedance.
ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent
Superclass for all units prefixed with "exa" (1e18).
ExaPrefixedUnit
Heat capacity at constant volume.
IsochoricHeatCapacity
HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFlux'.
ElectricFluxUnit
A data representing a date.
DateData
product of the SI derived unit newton and the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
NewtonCentiMetre
Newton Centimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassTime'.
AmountPerMassTimeUnit
`Gram Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as g · degC. -- QUDT
GramDegreeCelsius
Gram Degree Celsius
Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms.
VolumicTotalCrossSection
MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction.
DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
Second per radian and cubic metre unit.
SecondPerRadianCubicMetre
BlowMolding
Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise.
AngularVelocity
Joule Per Kilogram} (J/kg) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat capacity. It is also known as `joule/kilogram`, `joules per kilogram`. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The unit has a dimension of L2T⁻² where L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Joule per Kilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTemperature'.
PerLengthTemperatureUnit
Atom subclass for aluminium.
AluminiumAtom
Mass per amount of substance.
MolarMass
SI prefix who's value is 1e-6.
Micro
The SI unit of electromagnetic moment. -- QUDT
AmpereSquareMetre
Ampere Square Metre
Quantity characterizing the relative variation of volume V with pressure p at constant entropy.
The coherent SI unit of isentropic compressibility is pascal to the power minus one, 1/Pa.
IsentropicCompressibility
hasVariable
LanguageData
Atom subclass for hafnium.
HafniumAtom
An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive.
A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction.
contacts
hasSpatialnteractionWith
The laptop is in contact with the desk, since there is a double-directional causality.
An elementary electron is in contact with another elementary electron in a scattering process.
The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric.
Perspective
From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’.
SurfaceTension
An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object.
An icon that focus on HOW the object works.
AnalogicalIcon
Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance
A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object.
MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow.
The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart).
An multi-particle path is a causal path of quantum entities of different type, following the causal connection between an initial quantum up to the final one, regardless on the fact that causality is passing through elementary particles of different types. For example, a path starting from an elementary photon, then through the electron with which it scatter, and then trough a positron with which the electron collides.
A chausal path whose quantum parts belongs to at least two different standard model fundamental types.
MultiParticlePath
Symbol representing a letter in a digit.
Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane.
PhaseAngle
The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections.
hasEndTile
hasTemporalLast
A causal system posessing bonding that can not be representated by a simple Feynman diagram.
GenericPhysicalSystem
isInputOf
"Quartic Coulomb Meter per Cubic Energy" is a unit for 'Quartic Electric Dipole Moment Per Cubic Energy' expressed as C⁴ m⁴ J⁻³. -- QUDT
QuarticCoulombMetrePerCubicEnergy
Quartic Coulomb Metre per Cubic Energy
The symbol that stands for the cerium atom.
CeriumSymbol
The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system.
PlanckConstant
SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
WattPerCubicMetre
Watt Per Cubic Metre
An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.
Experiment
SI unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy.
Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. -- QUDT
Sievert
The symbol that stands for the lanthanum atom.
LanthanumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity'.
TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit
The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part.
overcrosses
Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV.
RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
FormingFromChip
Force of gravity acting on a body.
Weight
Relates a SI prefixed unit to the multiplication factor corresponding to the prefix.
hasPrefixMultiplier
PartialComposition
Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes.
"Revolution per Minute" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rev/min. -- QUDT
RevolutionPerMinute
Revolution per Minute
The symbol that stands for the terbium atom.
TerbiumSymbol
Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent.
Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource.
EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject
The symbol that stands for the rubidium atom.
RubidiumSymbol
A dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist Eduard Grüneisen.
ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter
Atom subclass for fermium.
FermiumAtom
PorcelainOrCeramicCasting
0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetre
Cubic Decimetre
The symbol that stands for the silicon atom.
SiliconSymbol
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area.
SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge
AreicElectricCharge
SurfaceChargeDensity
hasQualifiedPart
product of the SI derived unit watt and SI base unit second -- QUDT
WattSecond
Watt Second
Number of periods per time interval.
Frequency
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process.
Spray
Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.
Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density.
DisplacementCurrentDensity
ThermalSprayingForming
A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method.
TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation
Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density.
SI prefix who's value is 1e-15.
Femto
Defived units that are accepted to be used with SI.
SIAcceptedDerivedUnit
unit of gravitational constant as product of the derived SI unit newton, the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the power of the SI base unit kilogram with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Newton Square Metre Per Square Kilogram
A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation.
Tile
Activity per unit volume of the sample.
ActivityDensity
VolumetricActivity
ActivityConcentration
VolumicActivity
The symbol that stands for the nobelium atom.
NobeliumSymbol
ClassicallyDefinedMaterial
Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor.
IntrinsicCarrierDensity
Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
ISQBaseQuantity
Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation.
RotationalDisplacement
AngularDisplacement
ShearForming
Wholistic
From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'.
Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific volume. It is also known as cubic meters per kilogram, cubic metre per kilogram, cubic metres per kilogram, cubic meter/kilogram, cubic metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) has a dimension of M-1L3 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Cubic Metre per Kilogram
0.000001-fold of the product out of the derived SI newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroNewtonMetre
Micronewton Metre
A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.
EmpiricalSimulationSoftware
CausalPath
From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”).
The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance.
The imaginary part of the impedance.
ElectricReactance
Internal energy per amount of substance.
MolarInternalEnergy
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts.
JunctionTile
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12.
CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity
"Per Cubic Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m³. -- QUDT
PerCubicMetre
Reciprocal Cubic Metre
An product that is ready for commercialisation.
CommercialProduct
One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class.
DiffusionArea
Metre per Kelvin.
MetrePerKelvin
A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science.
A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption.
ComputerScience
The symbol that stands for the mendelevium atom.
MendeleviumSymbol
NameData
A data representing an integer number <= 0.
NonPositiveIntegerData
Mass increment per time.
MassChangeRate
Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material
FormingFromPlastic
TransientLiquidPhaseSintering
1940s: named after S.N. Bose.
"Square centimeter minute" is a unit for 'Area Time' expressed as cm² . m. -- QUDT
Square Centimetre Minute
Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium.
Attenuation
Extinction
Electric conductivity of an electrolyte.
ElectrolyticConductivity
Per metre and second.
PerMetreSecond
ReciprocalMetreSecond
Crystal
From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”).
DeepDrawing
MesoscopicSubstance
The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events.
Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event.
Probability
quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m.
Molality
AmountPerMass
The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius.
maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre.
Diameter
Engineered
From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget").
Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum.
GyromagneticCoefficient
MagnetogyricRatio
A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg).
A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction.
Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test.
The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors.
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFlux'.
MagneticFluxUnit
A symbolic data representing a numerical floating point value.
FloatingPointData
"Square Centimeter Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Area Time' expressed as cm² . s. -- QUDT
Square Centimetre Second
Atom subclass for beryllium.
BerylliumAtom
Atom subclass for cadmium.
CadmiumAtom
Atom subclass for chlorine.
ChlorineAtom
Relates a dataset to its datum.
hasDatum
Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate.
The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance.
ThermalResistance
parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system
TimeConstant
A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.
Path
/etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)
A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties.
A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning.
Contrast
Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378
Pattern
Dedomena
The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded.
Coupled
A data representing a real number.
RealData
A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour.
Plasma
Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t.
DecayConstant
DisintegrationConstant
The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules.
A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions.
Mathematical
DeepFreezing
The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.
An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables.
Equation
2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y
Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space.
GroupVelocity
GroupSpeed
A real matrix with shape 4x3.
Shape4x3Matrix
SizeDefinedMaterial
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassPressure'.
AmountPerMassPressureUnit
Complex representation of an oscillating voltage.
VoltagePhasor
A data representing an integer number >= 0.
NonNegativeIntegerData
A symbolic data representing a numerical value.
NumericData
Mean number of particles per volume.
ParticleNumberDensity
MathematicalSymbol
A symbolic data representing a 64-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
DoubleData
Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size.
Thickness
SI prefix who's value is 1/1000.
Milli
The EMMO should be reasoned in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy in Protege (ctrl+R hotkey). It is tested with both the HermiT (preferred) and HermiT reasoners.
Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
F. A. Zaccarini, C. Masolo, E. Ghedini, and S. Borgo. From Causation (and Parthood) to Time: The Case of EMMO (2023) doi: 10.3233/FAIA231120
CWA 17815, Materials characterisation - Terminology, metadata and classification. Led by EMMC. 2017. https://www.cencenelec.eu/media/CEN-CENELEC/CWAs/ICT/cwa17815.pdf
European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Baas, A., What makes a material function? - Let me compute the ways - Modelling in H2020 LEIT-NMBP programme materials and nanotechnology projects -Sixth version - Short version, Baas, A.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2017, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/404734
Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO)
First release candidate for v1.0.0 of the top-level ontology.
Angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere.
FermiAnglularWaveNumber
FermiAnglularRepetency
The rest mass of an electron.
ElectronMass
For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers.
Product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers.
SolubilityProduct
SolubilityProductConstant
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerArea'.
AmountPerAreaUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "giga" (1e9).
GigaPrefixedUnit
A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language.
Pictorial
A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa.
This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology.
fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
3DPrinting
Number of different microstates in a subsystem.
StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem
at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA.
SurfaceMassDensity
AreicMass
SurfaceDensity
Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume.
EnergyImparted
The superproperty of the all object property relations between a whole and its mereological parts of the same type.
hasRedundantPart
A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules.
Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty.
ExactConstant
Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system.
SystemResource
Resource
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistivity'.
ThermalResistivityUnit
Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature.
PlanckFunction
The inverse relation of hasPart.
isPartOf
The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
hasConstituent
Atom subclass for dysprosium.
DysprosiumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'IlluminanceTime'.
IlluminanceTimeUnit
A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
DataBasedSimulationSoftware
in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant
FermiTemperature
ElectrolyticDeposition
The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed.
The outcome of a process.
hasOutput
A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer.
ConstructionLanguage
A meson with spin zero and even parity.
ScalarMeson
Ohm square metre per metre.
OhmSquareMetrePerMetre
Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives.
Grinding
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Hour
The difference in electric potential between two points.
Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field.
Voltage
ElectricPotentialDifference
ElectricTension
SI base unit kelvin divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
KelvinPerKelvin
Kelvin Per Kelvin
The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
ElectricCharge
Charge
isOutputOf
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerArea'.
PowerAreaUnit
For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R
MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
Atom subclass for lithium.
LithiumAtom
Number describing a particular state of a quantum system.
A data representing an integer number > 0.
PositiveIntegerData
The abstract notion of angle.
AngularMeasure
hasHolisticSpatialPart
The symbol that stands for the protactinium atom.
ProtactiniumSymbol
Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. It is also known as joules per kelvin, joule/kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) has a dimension of ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
JoulePerKelvin
Joule per Kelvin
Square metres per square Hertz.
SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
NewtonPerAmpere
Newton Per Ampere
Quotient of a quantity by a duration.
Rate
Activity Specific absorption rate (SAR) Rate of rise Sampling rate Modulation rate Fading rate Rain rate
Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature.
MassieuFunction
Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.
MagnetomotiveForce
A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence.
SerialWorkflow
A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention).
IntentionalProcess
Project
A self-consistent encoded data entity.
Datum
A character, a bit, a song in a CD.
A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
ArchetypeManufacturing
Urformen
PrimitiveForming
Atom subclass for caesium.
CaesiumAtom
A physically unbounded system is a combination of elementary particles chains tha may include also decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles.
A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork.
ParticlesSystem
NonInteractingSystem
Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles.
OrdinaryMatter
Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom.
MassDefect
For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: W = g μ M B where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. -- ISO 80000
Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B
MagneticDipoleMoment
PowderCoating
The symbol that stands for the erbium atom.
ErbiumSymbol
Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface.
RollingResistanceFactor
Atom subclass for antimony.
AntimonyAtom
This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars.
A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark.
Hyperon
ChemicalName
Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents
The symbol that stands for the caesium atom.
CaesiumSymbol
Square metre per volt second.
SquareMetrePerVoltSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensity'.
ElectricCurrentDensityUnit
A data that represents instants of time, optionally marked with a particular time zone offset.
DateTimeData
`Pascal Second Per Cubic Meter` (Pa-s/m³) is a unit in the category of Acoustic impedance. It is also known as `pascal-second/cubic meter`. It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
PascalSecondPerCubicMetre
Pascal Second Per Cubic Metre
Assigned
Atom subclass for gold.
GoldAtom
From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).
A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental bosonic type (integer spin).
CompositeBoson
Examples of composite particles with integer spin: spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson spin 2: O15 in ground state.
The symbol that stands for the astatine atom.
AstatineSymbol
ContinuousCasting
In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts.
Vergence
Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron.
Lethargy
All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
Superclass for all units prefixed with "atto" (1e-18).
AttoPrefixedUnit
A part of an item is always non-maximal, meaning that is causally connected with the rest.
A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.
hasPortionPart
Inverse of the quality factor.
LossFactor
In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position.
DisplacementVector
Pascal metre.
ChemicalSymbol
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder
Per metre and steradian.
PerMetreSteradian
ReciprocalMetreSteradian
Atom subclass for nobelium.
NobeliumAtom
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance.
AmountFractionUnit
Unit for amount fraction.
Rate of change of the phase angle.
AngularFrequency
Celsius, also known as centigrade, is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as precisely 1 part in 273.16 (approximately 0.00366) of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water. Thus, it sets the magnitude of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin as exactly the same. Additionally, it establishes the difference between the two scales' null points as being precisely 273.15 °C. -- QUDT
Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences.
DegreeCelsius
The symbol that stands for the tennessine atom.
TennessineSymbol
product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
PascalLitrePerSecond
Pascal Litre Per Second
Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume.
SlowingDownDensity
"Becquerel per Kilogram" is used to describe radioactivity, which is often expressed in becquerels per unit of volume or weight, to express how much radioactive material is contained in a sample. -- QUDT
Becquerel per Kilogram
unit tonne divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
TonnePerCubicMetre
Tonne Per Cubic Metre
Sum of canonical partition function Z (NA,NB,…) for the given number of particles A, B, ... multiplied by absolute activities of particles A, B, ...
GrandCanonicalPartionFunction
GrandPartionFunction
Atom subclass for tin.
TinAtom
A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected.
Network
A chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
ElementalSubstance
PureSubstance
A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1cm -- QUDT
Square Centimetre
The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.
hasInterval
Metre per Farad.
MetrePerFarad
Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light.
A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably.
Colloid
Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom.
A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf).
Result of a measurement. A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. -- VIM
MeasurementResult
measurement result
A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts.
This is the SI unit for the rolling resistance, which is equivalent to drag force in newton -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerMetre
Newton metre per metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricMobility'.
ElectricMobilityUnit
JSONData
Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material.
Porosity
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 3-dimensional Euclidean space.
ThreeManifold
3-manifold
The mass of one type of species divided by the total mass.
mass_fraction
Temperature below which quantum effects dominate.
CriticalTemperature
Weber metre.
WeberMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'Amount'.
AmountUnit
Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter.
A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists.
PhaseHeterogeneousMixture
Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is.
ModulusOfCompression
BulkModulus
Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.
Software
Per Micrometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /microm. -- QUDT
PerMicroMetre
ReciprocalMicroMetre
Per Millimeter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /mm. -- QUDT
PerMilliMetre
ReciprocalMilliMetre
A determination of an object without any actual interaction.
Estimation
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction.
Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,
MolecularEntity
ChemicalEntity
Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context.
Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule.
This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺).
Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.
CoefficientOfThermalExpansion
ThermalExpansionCoefficient
A gaseous solution made of more than one component type.
GasSolution
GasMixture
An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment.
`Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as m K. -- QUDT
MetreKelvin
Metre Kelvin
The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
Metre
Meter
From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”).
The symbol that stands for the einsteinium atom.
EinsteiniumSymbol
An holistic spatial part of a whole.
NonTemporalRole
HolisticSpatialPart
PaperManufacturing
A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.
Aerosol
SingleComponentComposition
Hexadecimal encoding of binary data, using the alphabeth [0-9a-f].
HexBinaryData
Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity
LinearElectricCurrentDensity
The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter.
Theorisation
Theorization
LowPressureCasting
A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process.
hasIcon
A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object.
A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole.
ConstitutiveProcess
Blood circulation in a human body.
Kelvin day unit.
KelvinDay
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
A unit of measure for the rate of change of plane angle, dω / dt, in durations of one minute.The vector ω is directed along the axis of rotation in the direction for which the rotation is clockwise. -- QUDT
DegreePerMinute
Degree per Minute
Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m).
Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions.
— quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1
In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1
A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model.
PhysicalQuantity
Kelvin metre.
Watt per square metre and nanometre.
Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions.
MeanFreePathOfElectrons
action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage
SI base unit mol divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
MolePerLitre
Mole Per Litre
SI prefix who's value is 10.
Deca
Deka
An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object.
Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts.
SubObject
If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole.
A unit that belongs to one or more unit systems.
SystemUnit
The symbol that stands for the vanadium atom.
VanadiumSymbol
A semiotic process that assigns a sign based on conventions.
Declaration
ConventionalSemiosis
Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) is a unit in the category of Electric quadrupole moment. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) has a dimension of L2TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombSquareMetre
Coulomb Square Metre
A structured collection of data held in a computer system that has a well-defined interface.
Database
- A database covering nine million chemical compositions. - A thermodynamic database.
At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
Magnetization
The class of individuals standing for causally non-convex interacting systems.
PhysicalPhenomenon
The symbol that stands for the gallium atom.
GalliumSymbol
Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping.
Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge.
LinearIonization
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
NewtonSecond
Newton Second
DrawForms
Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.
Enthalpy
(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)
Peening
At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity.
MassFlow
Per Second Steradian Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-sr. -- QUDT
PerSecondSteradian
ReciprocalSecondSteradian
A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.
Machining
Quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference.
ThomsonCoefficient
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperaturePerTime'.
SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit
Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductivity'.
ThermalConductivityUnit
The symbol that stands for the tellurium atom.
TelluriumSymbol
An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental.
CeramicSintering
A meson with spin zero and odd parity.
PseudoscalarMeson
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
AmperePerMilliMetre
Ampere Per Millimetre
A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation.
illustration
Per steradian.
PerSteradian
ReciprocalSteradian
Ratio of the absolute value of the mutual permeance related to two circuit elements to the geometric average of their self-permeances.
CouplingFactor
InductiveCouplingFactor
IUPACName
Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron.
AtomicScatteringFactor
Magnetizing
TokenData
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperature'.
SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit
A semiotic process that assigns a sign by recognising an object by how it resemble or imitate what the sign stands for, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
Cognition
IconSemiosis
A coded sign that stands for a dimension.
Dimension
Examples of some Dimension individuals: - 'x-dimension': stand for the spatial dimension along the x-direction. - 'emergy_dimension': stand for the energy dimension in an energy spectrum. - 'number_of_samples': is a countable dimension that may stand for the index of a given sample in a series of samples.
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes.
VolumeFractionUnit
Unit for volume fraction.
Computation
From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”).
Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types).
NonNumericalData
Bounded matter.
ParticulateMatter
da una forma non propria ad una forma propria
FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece
Powder: particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size
"Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
"Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
OrdinalQuantity
Hardness Resilience
ordinal quantity
A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction.
ReactiveMaterial
Atom subclass for thulium.
ThuliumAtom
A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves.
PureParallelWorkflow
EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow
Variable
Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable").
Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O.
Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -- ISO 80000-3
In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. -- IEC
PositionVector
Position
The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").
URL
Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]).
ShearCutting
The final step of a workflow.
There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output.
EndStep
A data representing an arbritrary sized integer number.
IntegerData
Electric charge per volume.
ElectricChargeDensity
VolumeElectricCharge
FORTRAN
A foam of trapped gas in a liquid.
LiquidFoam
The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections.
hasBeginTile
hasTemporalFirst
A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.
Newton Per Meter (N/m) is a unit in the category of Surface tension. It is also known as newtons per meter, newton per metre, newtons per metre, newton/meter, newton/metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Newton Per Meter (N/m) has a dimension of MT-2 where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
NewtonPerMetre
Newton per Metre
URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment]
URI
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerPressure'.
PerPressureUnit
A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.
SINonCoherentDerivedUnit
The symbol that stands for the iodine atom.
IodineSymbol
A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching).
Polynomial
Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
PartialPressure
ResemblanceIcon
From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).
An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part.
In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes).
HolisticPart
Atom subclass for yttrium.
YttriumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'SexticLength'.
SexticLengthUnit
Python
SparkErosion
Atom subclass for hydrogen.
HydrogenAtom
The chemical symbol of an atomic element.
hasChemicalSymbol
A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one.
ISQDimensionlessQuantity
An elementary charged fermionic particle that belongs to the first generation of the lepton particle family.
ElementaryElectron
Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction.
PropagationCoefficient
URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
IEVReference
A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process.
hasDeclarer
Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors
CarrierLifetime
SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
MolePerSecond
Mole Per Second
`Degree Celsius Centimeter` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as cm-degC. -- QUDT
Degree Celsius Centimetre
Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material.
Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'.
ElectricResistance
Resistance
Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object
Force
"Square Second" is a unit for 'Square Time' expressed as s². -- QUDT
SquareSecond
Square Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'Permittivity'.
PermittivityUnit
Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter.
MassFractionOfWater
A composite physical object is made of bonded objects (i.e. characterised by their quantum states using a Schrodinger equation approach) that are connected together by elementary particles travelling between them. These elemenentary particles are real particles, describing the existance of a classical field (e.g. Coulomb potential between charged particles).
The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined.
CompositePhysicalObject
The symbol that stands for the calcium atom.
CalciumSymbol
A unit of catalytic activity used especially in the chemistry of enzymes. A catalyst is a substance that starts or speeds a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts within the bodies of living plants and animals. A catalyst has an activity of one katal if it enables a reaction to proceed at the rate of one mole per second. -- QUDT
SI unit for catalytic activity.
Katal
A mixed tiling in wich a tile has next spatially connected tiles.
Broadcast
Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number.
NeutronNumber
OrganicCompound
product of the unit for apparent by ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
VoltAmpereHour
Volt Ampere Hour
Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air.
Tempering
Per Second Square Meter Steradian is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-m²-sr. -- QUDT
PerSecondSquareMetreSteradian
ReciprocalSecondSquareMetreSteradian
ChemicalCompositionQuantity
A data representing an integer number < 0.
NegativeIntegerData
Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through.
ElectricCurrentDensity
AreicElectricCurrent
CurrentDensity
A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be.
The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities.
The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule.
Atom subclass for praseodymium.
PraseodymiumAtom
The datatype for monodimensional arrays.
VectorData
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8.
AcousticQuantity
Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure.
hasMeasuredProperty
A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective.
Guess
AdditiveManufacturing
GenerativeManufacturing
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistance'.
ElectricResistanceUnit
Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string.
hasDimensionString
Newton second measured per metre -- QUDT
NewtonSecondPerMetre
Newton Second per Metre
IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure.
omReference
Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity.
Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
ElectricConductivity
An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language.
A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968
MathematicalModel
Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit.
PhaseDifference
DisplacementAngle
1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest.
An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object.
SimulationApplication
An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment.
URL to corresponding dpbedia entry.
dbpediaReference
metric unit ton divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
TonnePerDay
Tonne Per Day
The class of units with dimensionality 'InverseSquareMass'.
InverseSquareMassUnit
Atom subclass for americium.
AmericiumAtom
ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion
This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide.
Non-SI units mentioned in the SI.
SIAcceptedUnit
Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface.
RadialDistance
In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.
SlowingDownArea
unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
LitrePerSecond
Litre Per Second
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress.
The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density. It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole m3/mol, although it is more practical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole dm3/mol for gases and cubic centimetres per mole cm3/mol for liquids and solids. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerMole
Cubic Metre per Mole
A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure.
Determination
Characterisation
Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner.
Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019.
PhysicalConstant
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerAmount'.
AreaPerAmountUnit
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
MicroMetrePerKelvin
Micrometre Per Kelvin
Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal.
The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness.
Width
Breadth
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase.
GasLiquidSuspension
Rain, spray.
Cubic Meter Per Hour (m3/h) is a unit in the category of Volume flow rate. It is also known as cubic meters per hour, cubic metre per hour, cubic metres per hour, cubic meter/hour, cubic metre/hour, cubic meter/hr, cubic metre/hr, flowrate. Cubic Meter Per Hour (m3/h) has a dimension of L3T-1 where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit m3/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.00027777777. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerHour
Cubic Metre per Hour
A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object.
MaterialLaw
The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousIntensity'.
LuminousIntensityUnit
Machine
From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical.
For substance X in a liquid or a solid mixture; quotient of absolute activity of substance X and the product of absolute activity of the pure substance X at the same temperature and pressure and amount-of-substance fraction of substance X.
Activity factors can also be obtained applying Raoult's law or Henry's law.
ActivityFactor
`Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as Hz K⁻¹. -- QUDT
HertzPerKelvin
Hertz per Kelvin
Inverse of the reluctance.
Permeance
Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media.
Tortuosity
A measure of density equivalent to 1000kg per hectare or one Megagram per hectare, typically used to express a volume of biomass or crop yield. -- QUDT
TonnePerHectare
metric tonne per hectare
tonne per hectare
MetricTonnePerHectare
A constituent of a system.
Component
A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.
An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of.
The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic.
This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule.
BondedAtom
The class of individuals representing a causal system.
A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). A causal system is always a spatial-like structure, and is represented as a multiple topologically orderable direct acyclic graph, with quanta as nodes and causality relations as edges.
CausalSystem
A electron binded by a nucleus.
Ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat.
For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour.
RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds.
SpeedFractionUnit
Unit for refractive index.
A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles.
Join
Apparent admittance is often denoted by Y .
quotient of the rms value of the electric current in a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the voltage between its terminals.
ModulusOfAdmittance
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalLength'.
ReciprocalLengthUnit
Watt second per square metre.
SI prefix who's value is 1/100.
Centi
Becquerels second per cubic metre.
From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”).
An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
Status
State
A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing.
Superclass for all units prefixed with "deca" (10).
DecaPrefixedUnit
DekaPrefixedUnit
Square metre per Joule.
SquareMetrePerJoule
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalSquareEnergy'.
ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit
An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention.
Declarer
Someone who assigns a name to an object.
A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle).
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length.
LinearDensityOfElectricCharge
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistivity'.
ElectricResistivityUnit
Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy.
LinearEnergyTransfer
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticTime'.
MassPerQuarticTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAreaTime'.
PerAreaTimeUnit
Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.
unit ton divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
TonnePerMinute
Tonne Per Minute
Language
From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”).
SI prefix who's value is 1e-21.
Zepto
A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile.
MixedTiling
In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium.
EquilibriumPositionVector
The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) textual identifier proposed by IUPAC to provide a standard encoding for databases of molecular information.
InChI
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5.
ThermodynamicalQuantity
A symbolic data representing a 32-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
FloatData
A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.
MarkupLanguage
HTML
Reciprocal of the thermal resistance.
ThermalConductance
unit tonne divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
TonnePerSecond
Tonne Per Second
The symbol that stands for the argon atom.
ArgonSymbol
Atom subclass for calcium.
CalciumAtom
Quotient of the rms value of the voltage between the terminals of a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the electric current in the element or circuit.
ModulusOfImpedance
In a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
FermiEnergy
The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have all temporal item parts of the same type of the whole.
Indefinitely temporally slicing of an entity leads to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the entity as an item will no longer hold. More generally. a temporal part is no more of type ϕ when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterizes the causality interactions between the object parts. In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental quantum parts. For this reason, the definition of object is done by considering only item temporal parts, meaning that slicing in time has the lower limit of a self-connected (i.e. item) entity.
An item can be classified as an object according to a type ϕ (a ϕ-object) if it's a ϕ all its temporal item parts are also of type ϕ. This conceptualisation tries to catch the persistency of type in the temporal parts of an entity.
Object
Continuant
Endurant
Practically speaking, the Object class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Car) for each of which holds the axiom that all the item parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. Car SubClassOf hasTemporalItemPart only Car). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Object, but to belong to a specific subclass of Object that identifies entities with a type-persistent structure.
A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown.
Constant
A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)
The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'.
The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity.
Interpreter
For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters).
0.000000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Micrometre
Per square metre and second.
PerSquareMetreSecond
ReciprocalSquareMetreSecond
The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum.
Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic.
AnalogData
A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound.
Decays per unit time.
Radioactivity
RadioactiveActivity
UndefinedEdgeCutting
Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden
A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community).
SubjectiveProperty
The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10.
Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.
PeltierCoefficient
The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau·steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
SI unit for illuminance.
Lux
SI unit for electrical conductance.
Siemens is the SI unit of electric conductance, susceptance, and admittance. The most important property of a conductor is the amount of current it will carry when a voltage is applied. Current flow is opposed by resistance in all circuits, and by also by reactance and impedance in alternating current circuits. Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the inverses of resistance, reactance, and impedance, respectively. To measure these properties, the siemens is the reciprocal of the ohm. In other words, the conductance, susceptance, or admittance, in siemens, is simply 1 divided by the resistance, reactance or impedance, respectively, in ohms. The unit is named for the German electrical engineer Werner von Siemens (1816-1892). -- QUDT
Siemens
TangibleProduct
From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’.
Degree Celsius per metre unit.
Atom subclass for actinium.
ActiniumAtom
ReactionSintering
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity.
hasSymbolValue
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerAmount'.
EnergyPerAmountUnit
The symbol that stands for the ytterbium atom.
YtterbiumSymbol
`Cubic Meter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as m³/s² -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerSquareSecond
Cubic Metre per Square Second
A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements.
ProductionSystem
Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85).
Nailing
Heat capacity divided by mass.
SpecificHeatCapacity
A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
ElectricInductance
Inductance
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerSquareLengthSquareTime'.
MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit
A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. A quantum stands for an incoming or outcoming real particle in a Feynman diagram.
The class of entities without proper parts.
The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities.
A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology.
Quantum
RealParticle
From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity.
Square degree Celsius per second.
Inverse of the impendance.
Admittance
ComplexAdmittance
PrecipitationHardening
From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”).
The class of units with dimensionality 'Area'.
AreaUnit
A symbolic construct used within the discipline of metrology.
MetrologicalConstruct
x k
A data repesenting a boolean number.
BooleanData
A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology.
ScientificTheory
From Latin fusio, from fundere ‘pour, melt’.
The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau00b7steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
LuxHour
Lux Hour
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerCubeTime'.
LengthPerCubeTimeUnit
An expression that provide information about the element type of a compound and their relative ratio.
EmpiricalFormula
SI prefix who's value is 1e-30.
Quecto
"Degree per Hour" is an Imperial unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as deg/h. -- QUDT
DegreePerHour
Degree per Hour
Time derivative of kerma.
KermaRate
hasURNValue
Product of mass and velocity.
Momentum
A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one second. -- QUDT
PascalPerSecond
Pascal per Second
Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature.
LorenzCoefficient
LorenzNumber
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process.
hasInterpretant
The persistence perspective classifies entities according to the persistence of temporal parts of specifc type, introducing the distiction between objects (when a type is conserved through all its time parts) or processes (where a type is not conserved through all its time parts). This perspective provides classes aimed to represent concepts similar to the ones of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). However, in the EMMO case, an entity is defined as an object or a process according to a specific type, and not per-se. For this reason an entity in the EMMO can be classified both object or a process depending on the reference type, due to the underlying 4D framework (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely representational. This categorisation has been introduced due to the large use of object/process commonsensical concepts, and the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist.
The union of the object or process classes.
Persistence
A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus.
An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons.
Atom
The symbol that stands for the potassium atom.
PotassiumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'Force'.
ForceUnit
Vector potential of the magnetic flux density.
MagneticVectorPotential
The SI derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration is the mole/cubic meter. -- QUDT
MolePerCubicMetre
Mole per Cubic Metre
A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid.
LiquidSol
unit litre divided by the unit day -- QUDT
LitrePerDay
Litre Per Day
Atom subclass for strontium.
StrontiumAtom
Atom subclass for selenium.
SeleniumAtom
Atom subclass for samarium.
SamariumAtom
The act of connecting together the parts of something
No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom.
E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum.
Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum.
A foam of trapped gas in a solid.
SolidFoam
Aerogel
Number of particles of a given species per volume.
ParticleConcentration
A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal.
TransformationLanguage
Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperature'.
MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit
A reciprocal unit of time for `reciprocal hour` or "inverse hour". -- QUDT
ReciprocalHour
Reciprocal Hour
Artifact
From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’.
The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousEfficacy'.
LuminousEfficacyUnit
Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles.
HybridMatter
quantity of matter per unit area per unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre per day
SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
PascalPerMetre
Pascal Per Metre
ElectroSinterForging
A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures.
ApplicationProgram
App
Application
Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games.
Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. Wikipedia
The neper is a logarithmic unit for ratios of measurements of physical field and power quantities, such as gain and loss of electronic signals. It has the unit symbol Np. The unit's name is derived from the name of John Napier, the inventor of logarithms. As is the case for the decibel and bel, the neper is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but it is accepted for use alongside the SI. Like the decibel, the neper is a unit in a logarithmic scale. While the bel uses the decadic (base-10) logarithm to compute ratios, the neper uses the natural logarithm, based on Euler's number -- QUDT
Neper
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerThermalTransmittance'.
PerThermalTransmittanceUnit
Ohm metre.
OhmMetre
Least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron.
Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance.
WorkFunction
ElectronWorkFunction
JavaScript
A coefficient in thermodynamics used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour.
ActivityCoefficient
Superclass for all units prefixed with "pico" (1e-12).
PicoPrefixedUnit
These units are SI coherent by definition.
The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units.
SISpecialUnit
A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process.
hasDeducer
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas.
AreaFractionUnit
Unit for solid angle.
EMMC ASBL European Materials Modelling Council Silversquare Stéphanie Avenue Louise 54 1050 Brussels CBE no: 0731 621 312
The annotation should include an email address.
A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource
contact
A quantity defined as the inverse of time.
ReciprocalDuration
InverseDuration
ReciprocalTime
InverseTime
Frequency or rate.
quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume.
AcceptorDensity
ManufacturedProduct
From Latin manufacture: "made by hand".
Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis.
Smoke
Bending
The symbol that stands for the yttrium atom.
YttriumSymbol
A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object.
Behaviour
Accelerating is a behaviour of a car.
Farad Per Meter (F/m) is a unit in the category of Electric permittivity. It is also known as farad/meter. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Farad Per Meter has a dimension of M-1L-3T4I2 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
FaradPerMetre
Farad per Metre
The symbol that stands for the ruthenium atom.
RutheniumSymbol
Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure.
hasObjectiveProperty
Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium.
RefractiveIndex
Cubic metre per Kelvin.
CubicMetrePerKelvin
A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged.
A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list).
String
The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat.
A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols.
`Ampere per Radian` is a derived unit for measuring the amount of current per unit measure of angle, expressed in ampere per radian. -- QUDT
AmperePerRadian
Ampere per Radian
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFieldStrength'.
ElectricFieldStrengthUnit
Holistic
Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire").
A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.
Expression
Cleaning
`Kelvin per Tesla` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Magnetic Flux Density' expressed as K T⁻¹. -- QUDT
KelvinPerTesla
Kelvin per Tesla
An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial)
Cogniser
The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon.
A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule.
Naming
A unique id attached to an entity.
Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.
The SI derived unit of activity, usually meaning radioactivity. "Radioactivity" is caused when atoms disintegrate, ejecting energetic particles. One becquerel is the radiation caused by one disintegration per second; this is equivalent to about 27.0270 picocuries (pCi). The unit is named for a French physicist, Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), the discoverer of radioactivity. Note: both the becquerel and the hertz are basically defined as one event per second, yet they measure different things. The hertz is used to measure the rates of events that happen periodically in a fixed and definite cycle. The becquerel is used to measure the rates of events that happen sporadically and unpredictably, not in a definite cycle. -- QUDT
Radioactive decays per second.
SI unit for radioactive activity.
Becquerel
An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s
AlgebricEquation
2 * a - b = c
reciprocal of the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
PerCentiMetre
ReciprocalCentimetre
A perspective characterized by the belief that: - a whole is more than merely the sum of its parts (wholism) - the parts of a whole are interconnected in a way that can be explained only by reference to the whole (rolism).
An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement.
The union of classes whole and part.
A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated.
A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred.
time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles
RelaxationTime
The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
product of the SI base unit kelvin and the SI base unit metre divided by the derived SI unit watt -- QUDT
KelvinMetrePerWatt
Kelvin Metre Per Watt
Watt per square metre and nanometre and steradian unit.
IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used.
IRI
Gravitational field strength at a point is the gravitational force per unit mass at that point. It is a vector and its S.I. unit is N kg-1. -- QUDT
Newton per Kilogram
average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions
MeanFreePathOfPhonons
x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)
isNotCauseOf
The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions).
interactsWith
I'm interacting with another tennis player through a ball. Or, two people in a webconference are interacting using a mediator which is the network signal.
The symbol that stands for the darmastadtium atom.
DarmastadtiumSymbol
A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase.
SolidSolidSuspension
Granite, sand, dried concrete.
hasBeginTask
If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747.
A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
Model
Simulacrum
An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity.
A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person.
The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. -- VIM
A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure.
MeasuredProperty
ISO 15531-1:2004 discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items.
SI derived unit farad divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
FaradPerKiloMetre
Farad Per Kilometre
Direct cause is irreflexive.
A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries.
Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities.
isDirectCauseOf
Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities.
One-dimensional manifolds include lines and circles, but not self-crossing curves. Two-dimensional manifolds are also called surfaces. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, and also the Klein bottle and real projective plane.
volume ratio consisting of the unit litre divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
LitrePerLitre
Litre Per Litre
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerPerAreaVolume'.
PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit
Joule square metre.
JouleSquareMetre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit day -- QUDT
GramPerDay
Gram Per Day
Square Pascal per square second.
SquarePascalPerSquareSecond
An electron volt (eV) is the energy that an electron gains when it travels through a potential of one volt. You can imagine that the electron starts at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor and accelerates to the positive plate, which is at one volt higher potential. Numerically 1 eV approximates 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ joules, where 1 joule is 6.2x10¹⁸ eV. For example, it would take 6.2x10²⁰ eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. -- QUDT
The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
ElectronVolt
A meson with spin two.
TensorMeson
A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece.
CoatingManufacturing
Beschichten
Superclass for all units prefixed with "yotta" (1e24).
YottaPrefixedUnit
Strength of the magnetic field.
Often denoted B.
MagneticFluxDensity
MagneticInduction
Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions.
alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT)
CubicExpansionCoefficient
unit tonne divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
TonnePerHour
Tonne Per Hour
A workflow whose output can be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow.
IterativeStep
Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x.
A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase.
GasSolidSuspension
Dust, sand storm.
SI unit for frequence.
The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications, such as the frequency of musical tones. The word "hertz" is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, who was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves. -- QUDT
Hertz
A change of angle in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT
Degrees per metre
Internal energy minus the product of thermodynamic temperature and entropy.
HelmholtzEnergy
HelmholtzFreeEnergy
The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.
URN
distinctOverlaps
Written as pH
At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: pH < 7 are acidic; pH = 7 are neutral; pH > 7 are alkaline. At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7.
Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ pH = −10 log(a_H+).
For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C
Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities.
hasQuantity
An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose.
Car, tire, composite material.
A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase.
Dispersion
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConcentration'.
AmountConcentrationUnit
Candela per Lumen.
CandelaPerLumen
reciprocal value of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
PerCubicMilliMetre
ReciprocalCubicMilliMetre
Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance.
AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume.
PressureCoefficient
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
AmperePerCentiMetre
Ampere Per Centimetre
a unit of electric charge per volume
AmpereHourPerLitre
MaterialRelationComputation
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerElectricCharge'.
MassPerElectricChargeUnit
The symbol that stands for the carbon atom.
CarbonSymbol
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat.
Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain.
MassConcentrationOfWater
A measurement of luminous efficacy, which is the light output in lumens using one watt of electricity. -- QUDT
LumenPerWatt
Lumen per Watt
Metre to the power four per second.
Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds.
A minute is a unit of measurement of time. The minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60 (the first sexagesimal fraction of an hour or 60 seconds. In the UTC time scale, a minute on rare occasions has 59 or 61 seconds; see leap second. The minute is not an SI unit; however, it is accepted for use with SI units. The SI symbol for minute or minutes is min (for time measurement) or the prime symbol after a number, e.g. 5' (for angle measurement, even if it is informally used for time). -- QUDT
Minute
Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm
NanoMaterial
Per Mole Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
PerMole
ReciprocalMole
In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant.
AngularWaveNumber
AngularRepetency
"Watt per Square Meter} is a unit of irradiance defined as the power received per area. This is a unit in the category of Energy flux. It is also known as watts per square meter, watt per square metre, watts per square metre, watt/square meter, watt/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter (W/m²) has a dimension of MT^{-3" where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetre
Watt per Square Metre
Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.
NeelTemperature
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTemperature'.
AreaTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmountTime'.
VolumePerAmountTimeUnit
OWLDLRestrictedAxiom
Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation.
An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process.
IntentionalAgent
The class of units with dimensionality 'Volume'.
VolumeUnit
A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
ChemicalCompound
Perceived power of light.
LuminousFlux
Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole.
Strain
ChipboardManufacturing
Atom subclass for lead.
LeadAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerVolumeTime'.
MassPerVolumeTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerSquareTime'.
VolumePerSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Density'.
DensityUnit
Other used symbols for litre are "l" and "ℓ".
The litre (American spelling: `liter`; SI symbol l or L) is a non-SI metric system unit of volume equal to 1 `cubic decimetre` (dm³), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm³) or 1/1000 `cubic metre`. If the lower case "L" is used as the symbol, it is sometimes rendered as a cursive "l" to help distinguish it from the capital "I", although this usage has no official approval by any international bureau. -- QUDT
A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),
Litre
liter
Atom subclass for xenon.
XenonAtom
Time derivative of exposure.
ExposureRate
1 000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicDecaMetre
Cubic Decametre
Multiplication
Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field.
Gyroradius
LarmorRadius
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerLength'.
TemperaturePerLengthUnit
The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have some temporal item parts that are not of the same type of the whole.
A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of different types that are temporally related.
Process
Perdurant
Occurrent
Practically speaking, the Process class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Cooking) for each of which holds the axiom that not all the item temporal parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. breaking an egg, which is not necessarily a cooking process) and there are at least two temporal item parts of different types (e.g. breaking and egg and turning on the stove). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Process, but to belong to a specific subclass of Process that identifies entities with a specific non-type-persistent structure.
Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every entity in the EMMO should be a process, since every 4D entity0 always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the concept of process to items whose temporal parts show a change in type (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). The definition of every specific process subclass requires a reference type, that is expressed by some but not all temporal parts.
An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object.
Constituent
ObjectPart
A tire is a constituent of a car.
derived SI unit joule divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
JoulePerSquareCentiMetre
Joule Per Square Centimetre
Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied.
Mass
In photometry, the lumen second is the SI derived unit of luminous energy. It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time. The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). An older name for the lumen second was the lumberg. -- QUDT
LumenSecond
lumen second
A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.
LuminousIntensity
Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas.
Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition.
HeatCapacity
A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting.
InteractingSystem
Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)
Kelvin second.
KelvinSecond
'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear.
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound.
Auditory
Sound
When we use the term 'sound' what are we referring to? The EMMO identifis a sound as the physical object that can be heard by the observer (more exactly, by the sensor of the observer). In this sense, a sound (which is an acoustical object) is to be identified as the air region that manifests the sound wave and is able to be perceived by an observer. In case the wave is travelling through water or steel, then these other media regions are the sounds. If the waveform is travelling through a cable as electronic signal (analog or digital) it is no more a sound, since it cannot be perceived by an observer as an acoustical object. This electrical waveform (or digital packet) is another physical that may stand for a sound if interpreted by a device (e.g. an amplifier, a DA converter).
A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
hasJunctionTile
From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’.
`Mole Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Temperature Amount Of Substance' expressed as mol-degC. -- QUDT
MoleDegreeCelsius
Mole Degree Celsius
The class of units with dimensionality 'Capacitance'.
CapacitanceUnit
Newton metre squared per Ampere.
NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere
A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
FineStructureConstant
Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt.
ParticleEmissionRate
The class of units with dimensionality 'Luminance'.
LuminanceUnit
Kelvin metre per second.
A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit.
VectorMeson
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
NewtonPerSquareMilliMetre
Newton Per Square Millimetre
The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else.
hasHolisticPart
An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule.
A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function.
Assembled
Superclass for all units prefixed with "deci" (0.1).
DeciPrefixedUnit
Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count.
CountingUnit
Unit of atomic number Unit of number of cellular Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics
Metre to the power of five.
QuinticMetre
Ampere per square metre and square Kelvin.
AmperePerSquareMetreSquareKelvin
Equality is here defined following a mereological approach.
The relation between two individuals representing the same entity.
equalsTo
A language object is a discrete data entity respecting specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula).
Filling
While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist
A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly.
Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3.
StandardAmountConcentration
StandardMolarConcentration
StandardConcentration
SI derived unit watt divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Watt Per Kilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'Permeability'.
PermeabilityUnit
SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
MolePerCubicDeciMetre
Mole Per Cubic Decimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountSquareTimePerMassVolume'.
AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit
A meson with total spin 1 and even parit.
PseudovectorMeson
Gibbs energy per amount of substance.
MolarGibbsEnergy
The inverse relation of hasConvention.
isConventionFor
Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin.
Per Square Kilogram is a denominator unit with dimensions /kg². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSquareKilogram
The SI unit of gyromagnetic ratio. -- QUDT
AmpereSquareMetrePerJouleSecond
Ampere Square Metre Per Joule Second
A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
hasSpatialPart
Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters.
The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet).
Symbol
AlphabeticEntity
The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A".
The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea.
Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia)
A geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis.
SecondPolarMomentOfArea
Atom subclass for mendelevium.
MendeleviumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerTemperature'.
ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit
A estimation of a property using a functional icon.
Simulation
Modelling
I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it.
Atom subclass for hassium.
HassiumAtom
Number to add to a SI coherent unit when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
Conversion formula: nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset
hasSIConversionOffset
The relation between a collection and one of its item members.
hasSingleMember
hasMember
hasComponent
Atom subclass for rhenium.
RheniumAtom
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
ContinuumModel
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressurePerSquareTime'.
SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit
Square Metres per second is the SI derived unit of angular momentum, defined by distance or displacement in metres multiplied by distance again in metres and divided by time in seconds. The unit is written in symbols as m2/s or m2u00b7s-1 or m2s-1. It may be better understood when phrased as "metres per second times metres", i.e. the momentum of an object with respect to a position. -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerSecond
Square Metre per Second
constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions
ExchangeIntegral
Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation.
Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units.
A unit that can be expressed as a product of powers of SI base units with no pre-factor of offset.
SICoherentUnit
The symbol that stands for the zirconium atom.
ZirconiumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerArea'.
ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit
`Square Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Area Temperature' expressed as m²-K. -- QUDT
SquareMetreKelvin
Square Metre Kelvin
SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
WeberPerMetre
Weber Per Metre
Implementation of equality based on mereology.
A unit symbol that belongs to the SI system. Is either a SI base unit or a SI special unit.
SIUnitSymbol
A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation.
Parameter
Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation
A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1
A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant.
ContinuumSubstance
A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe.
A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity.
CondensedMatter
The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis.
Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt.
Torque
The symbol that stands for the arsenic atom.
ArsenicSymbol
IUPACNomencalture
Olfactory
An elementary particle of a fundamental bosonic type.
ElementaryBoson
ISO14040Reference
An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions.
Replica
Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...).
A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one.
Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
MassConcentration
hasServiceOutput
The symbol that stands for the rhodium atom.
RhodiumSymbol
Service
IntangibleProduct
Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle.
EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistance'.
ThermalResistanceUnit
Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density).
ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
GravitySintering
PressurelessSintering
Loose-powderSintering
Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure.
SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure
Atom subclass for nickel.
NickelAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerMass'.
ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit
The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole.
A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal).
A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings.
Whole
Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle).
MolarGasConstant
From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out")
Atom subclass for oxygen.
OxygenAtom
The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
Candela
Performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, expressed as the ratio of work done over thermal energy used.
ThermodynamicEfficiency
ThermalEfficiency
hasCharacteriser
The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.
BindingFraction
The symbol that stands for the seaborgium atom.
SeaborgiumSymbol
A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles.
Fork
Index
From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”).
The S I unit of area is the square metre. -- QUDT
SquareMetre
Matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of.
A substance is always composed of more than one molecular entity. It lays in the continuum or mesoscopic domain.
ChemicalSubstance
A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed.
The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part.
ReshapeManufacturing
Forming
Umformen
product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
PascalCubicMetrePerSecond
Pascal Cubic Metre Per Second
The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other.
properOverlaps
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureMassPerArea'.
TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit
Atom subclass for chromium.
ChromiumAtom
Exponent
Quotient of entropy and mass.
SpecificEntropy
Soldering
quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume
DensityOfVibrationalStates
Atom subclass for bismuth.
BismuthAtom
A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object.
Assigner
I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H.
The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power.
ActiveEnergy
Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b.
MagneticTension
A derived unit that belongs to the SI system.
SIDerivedUnit
A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers.
Uncoded
A random generated id for a product.
"Electron Volt Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as eV s. -- QUDT
ElectronVoltSecond
Electron Volt Second
GrowingCrystal
From Latin modus (“measure”).
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 1-dimensional Euclidean space.
OneManifold
1-manifold
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareMassPerSquareTime'.
SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit
Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n.
DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity
Atom subclass for silicon.
SiliconAtom
1,000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg.
Tonne
Reciprocal Henry.
PerHenry
ReciprocalHenry
Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece.
Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten.
Sintering
The SI unit of power. Power is the rate at which work is done, or (equivalently) the rate at which energy is expended. One watt is equal to a power rate of one joule of work per second of time. This unit is used both in mechanics and in electricity, so it links the mechanical and electrical units to one another. In mechanical terms, one watt equals about 0.001 341 02 horsepower (hp) or 0.737 562 foot-pound per second (lbf/s). In electrical terms, one watt is the power produced by a current of one ampere flowing through an electric potential of one volt. The name of the unit honors James Watt (1736-1819), the British engineer whose improvements to the steam engine are often credited with igniting the Industrial Revolution. -- QUDT
SI unit for power.
Watt
Atom subclass for plutonium.
PlutoniumAtom
A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit).
A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object.
Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'.
QuantityValue
6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg)
quantity value
distance between successive lattice planes
LatticePlaneSpacing
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerAmpere
Newton Metre Per Ampere
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat.
Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter.
MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts.
Tessellation
Tiling
A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description.
A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together.
Description
A biography.
A sentence about some object, depticting its properties.
A data representing 8-bit non-negative integer number, 0...255.
UnsignedByteData
The symbol that stands for the strontium atom.
StrontiumSymbol
IsothermalConversion
Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
SIMetricMultipleUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalAmountPerVolume'.
ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit
Atom subclass for arsenic.
ArsenicAtom
Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature.
SeebeckCoefficient
A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number).
KnownConstant
π refers to the constant number ~3.14
A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).
A matematician that calculates 2+2. A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset.
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctivity'.
MagneticReluctivityUnit
The symbol that stands for the meitnerium atom.
MeitneriumSymbol
Kelvin Pascal per second.
A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000.
MetrologicalSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'Power'.
PowerUnit
A language construct that provides information about the consitutents of a substance and their fractions or amounts.
ChemicalComposition
Count per volume.
VolumetricNumberDensity
The relation between individuals representing a collection and one or more of its members.
A maximal part is a proper part that is not connected with the rest of the whole.
A proper part which is not connected with the rest of the whole.
hasMembers
hasMaximalPart
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTemperature'.
VolumePerTemperatureUnit
Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system.
CatalyticActivity
Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose.
Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products
application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective
TechnologyProcess
ProductionEngineeringProcess
In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium.
InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds.
AffinityOfAChemicalReaction
ChemicalAffinity
Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one.
CoefficientOfFriction
FrictionCoefficient
FrictionFactor
Non-SI unit that has been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
SIAccepted
Power transferred per unit area.
Intensity
SI prefix who's value is 1e-24.
Yocto
translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself
LatticeVector
The symbol that stands for the osmium atom.
OsmiumSymbol
A chemical entity comprises the two different ways to represents matter: as single recognizable particle entity (molecular entity) and as a composition of particle entities (substance). This distinction is not well assessed in actual chemical nomenclature, in which an element name refers to both the pure elemental substance or the atom. In the EMMO we force the adoption of a more strict categorization based on mereotopology. The class Material hosts the subclasses for which a substance can be identified without necessarily considering its nature of molecule/atom or substance (e.g. hydrocarbon is the class of both hydrocarbon molecules or gases).
Square metre per steradian.
SquareMetrePerSteradian
Gibbs energy per unit mass.
SpecificGibbsEnergy
The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerVolume'.
TimePerVolumeUnit
Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state
In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.
FastFissionFactor
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures.
PressureFractionUnit
The rest mass of a proton.
ProtonMass
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist.
StateOfMatter
In a steady-state of a binary mixture in which thermal diffusion occurs; proportionality factor between gradient of the amount-of-subsstance fraction of the heavier substance B, and negative gradient of the local thermodynamic temperature divided by that temperature.
ThermalDiffusionRatio
Atom subclass for titanium.
TitaniumAtom
A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process.
hasDeduced
Watts per square metre and metre and steradian.
Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82).
One minus the square of the coupling factor
LeakageFactor
The symbol that stands for the manganese atom.
ManganeseSymbol
WellFormedTile
From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance")
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
CoulombPerCubicMilliMetre
Coulomb Per Cubic Millimetre
The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the force that the magnet can exert on electric currents and the torque that a magnetic field will exert on it. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. The unit for magnetic moment is not a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and it can be represented in more than one way. For example, in the current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and I is measured in amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere-square meters (A m2). In the equation for torque on a moment, the torque is measured in joules and the magnetic field in tesla, so the moment is measured in Joules per Tesla (J u00b7T-1). These two representations are equivalent: 1 A u00b7m2 = 1 J u00b7T-1. -- QUDT
JoulePerTesla
Joule per Tesla
The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
AmountConcentration
MolarConcentration
Molarity
Mathematical description in crystallography.
StructureFactor
Per Meter Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m.k. -- QUDT
PerMetreKelvin
ReciprocalMetreKelvin
Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x).
A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity.
hasNext
isBefore
My life between 18-24 years has next my life between 24-32 years.
The raw sample has next the treated sampled, which has next the examined sample. In this sense the whole sample is made of three states, connected by the has next relation, following its evolution in time.
This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive.
"Degree per Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as deg/s. -- QUDT
DegreePerSecond
Degree per Second
A graphical object aimed to represent schematically the conceptual, tempral or spatial structure of another object, that may or may not exist.
Representation
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTimePerMass'.
SquareTimePerMassUnit
Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field.
NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency
A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process.
hasProperty
A metric unit of volume over time indicating the amount generated across one square meter over a day. -- QUDT
grams per square metre per day
Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space.
The symbol that stands for the barium atom.
BariumSymbol
The magnetic flux density for disappearance of superconductivity in a type I superconductor.
ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor.
HallCoefficient
The symbol that stands for the hafnium atom.
HafniumSymbol
Square metre per steradian and Joule.
SquareMetrePerSteradianJoule
Number of holes in valence band per volume.
HoleDensity
Cubic micrometre per millilitre.
"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1
BaseQuantity
base quantity
Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood.
hasReferencePart
Atom subclass for tantalum.
TantalumAtom
Cubic micrometre per cubic metre unit.
CubicMicroMetrePerCubicMetre
Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge.
TotalIonization
Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself.
FormingFromPowder
The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument
A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'.
Theory
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerAreaTime'.
AmountPerAreaTimeUnit
Will be removed with 1.0.0 release due to duplicated scope of emmo:example with respect to skos:example
Measure of plane angle.
Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle.
Radian
In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.
ThermalUtilizationFactor
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerMass'.
AreaPerMassUnit
For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure.
StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture
Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity.
DampingCoefficient
The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read".
One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space.
Time
A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource.
ResourceIdentifier
SecondAxialMomentOfArea
This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass.
The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective.
A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process.
ManufacturingSystem
"Torque" is the tendency of a force to cause a rotation, is the product of the force and the distance from the center of rotation to the point where the force is applied. Torque has the same units as work or energy, but it is a different physical concept. To stress the difference, scientists measure torque in newton meters rather than in joules, the SI unit of work. One newton meter is approximately 0.737562 pound foot. -- QUDT
Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule.
NewtonMetre
A data representing 32-bit integer number.
IntData
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerEnergy'.
PerEnergyUnit
Atom subclass for oganesson.
OganessonAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConductivity'.
AmountConductivityUnit
Atom subclass for barium.
BariumAtom
SI prefix who's value is 1e15.
Peta
The symbol that stands for the holmium atom.
HolmiumSymbol
Quantities declared under the ISO 80000.
InternationalSystemOfQuantity
A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs.
A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
Task
Job
The divergence at a particular point in a vector field is (roughly) how much the vector field 'spreads out' from that point. Operationally, we take the partial derivative of each of the field with respect to each of its space variables and add all the derivatives together to get the divergence. Electric field (V/m) differentiated with respect to distance (m) yields V/(m²). -- QUDT
VoltPerSquareMetre
Volt per Square Metre
Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
DebyeAngularFrequency
The symbol that stands for the livermorium atom.
LivermoriumSymbol
This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities.
Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter.
AntiMatter
Arctan of the loss factor
LossAngle
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePressurePerTime'.
TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit
Per millisecond.
PerMilliSecond
ReciprocalMilliSecond
For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path.
CurrentLinkage
SI prefix who's value is 1e27.
Ronna
Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus.
SI unit for electric charge.
The SI unit of electric charge. One coulomb is the amount of charge accumulated in one second by a current of one ampere. Electricity is actually a flow of charged particles, such as electrons, protons, or ions. The charge on one of these particles is a whole-number multiple of the charge e on a single electron, and one coulomb represents a charge of approximately 6.241 506 x 1018 e. The coulomb is named for a French physicist, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), who was the first to measure accurately the forces exerted between electric charges. -- QUDT
Coulomb
An holistic temporal part of a whole.
TemporalRole
HolisticTemporalPart
A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context.
ApplicationSpecificScript
Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica.
Atom subclass for lutetium.
LutetiumAtom
Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging.
Metre to the power of six.
SexticMetre
PlasticSintering
From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do).
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
CoulombPerSquareMilliMetre
Coulomb Per Square Millimetre
The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive.
hasPart
The relation between two individuals representing a collection and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
hasFragment
A measure of the diamagnetic energy, for a Bohr-radius spread around a magnetic axis, per square Tesla. -- QUDT
JoulePerSquareTesla
Joule per Square Tesla
A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material.
WorkpieceManufacturing
DiscreteManufacturing
Werkstücke
Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature.
GapEnergy
BandgapEnergy
The symbol that stands for the dubnium atom.
DubniumSymbol
A representation of objects belonging to the chemistry field.
ChemicalRepresentation
Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat.
The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent.
RelativeHumidity
Vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity.
AngularAcceleration
A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and one "face".
MobiusStrip
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4.
MechanicalQuantity
Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.
NeutronYieldPerFission
Transitivity for proper parthood.
Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air.
The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat.
MixingRatio
MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
GramPerMinute
Gram Per Minute
Reciprocal of the decay constant λ.
MeanDurationOfLife
MeanLifeTime
A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose.
A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption.
ConventionalProperty
The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes.
reciprocal of the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
PerCubicCentiMetre
ReciprocalCubicCentiMetre
A molecule composed of more than one element type.
Heteronuclear
Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Atom subclass for polonium.
PoloniumAtom
AlgebricOperator
The relation between two individuals representing an entity and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
A non-maximal part is a proper part that is connected with the rest of the whole.
hasPiece
hasNotMaximalPart
The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective.
Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective.
This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning).
hasDirectPart
This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism.
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTime'.
VolumePerTimeUnit
A data representing 64-bit non-negative integer number, 0...18446744073709551615.
UnsignedLongData
From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”).
hasTask
Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap.
Sawing
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerQuarticTime'.
AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit
A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase.
Sol
Atom subclass for magnesium.
MagnesiumAtom
unit of electric charge relative to mass
AmpereHourPerKilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerTemperature'.
LengthPerTemperatureUnit
partakesIn
SparkPlasmaSintering
A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation.
ScriptingLanguage
The class of units with dimensionality 'Inductance'.
InductanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SectionAreaIntegral'.
SectionAreaIntegralUnit
The relation within a process and an agengt participant.
hasAgent
Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin.
Atom subclass for copper.
CopperAtom
SI unit for electric potential difference.
The volt is the unit of electric potential difference—electric potential difference is also known as voltage. The size of 1 volt is officially defined as the potential difference between two points of a wire carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated in the wire is 1 watt.
Volt
From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).
Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time.
ParticleFluenceRate
An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge.
ElectricDipoleMoment
The symbol that stands for the rhenium atom.
RheniumSymbol
The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation.
Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material.
Density
MassDensity
Mass per volume.
Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix.
Hardening
Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material.
MeanMassRange
Calendering
For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities.
IsentropicExponent
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperature'.
SquareTemperatureUnit
DieCasting
Per square second.
PerSquareSecond
ReciprocalSquareSecond
SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
HenryPerOhm
Henry Per Ohm
The symbol that stands for the moscovium atom.
MoscoviumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTemperature'.
ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit
Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part.
hasUnitNonPrefixPart
For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre".
A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process.
hasDescription
Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity.
TotalCrossSection
Radian square metre per kilogram.
Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included,
NuclearRadius
In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.
ResonanceEscapeProbability
Atom subclass for niobium.
NiobiumAtom
A reciprical unit of time for `reciprocal second` or `inverse second`. The `Per Second` is a unit of rate. -- QUDT
PerSecond
ReciprocalSecond
Galvanizing
An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape.
An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object.
The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture).
A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time.
Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
IonizationEnergy
Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state.
Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands.
An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation.
elucidation
DefinedEdgeCutting
Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden
Coefficient in the law of recombination,
RecombinationCoefficient
Superclass for all units prefixed with "mega" (1e6).
MegaPrefixedUnit
derived SI unit newton divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
NewtonPerSquareCentiMetre
Newton Per Square Centimetre
An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas.
SolidAerosol
An elementary particle of a fundamental fermionic type.
ElementaryFermion
From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)
The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularMomentum'.
AngularMomentumUnit
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre per second
Square centimetre per cubic centimetre.
For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure.
ActivityOfSolvent
The class of units with dimensionality 'CatalyticActivity'.
CatalyticActivityUnit
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Day
The class of units with dimensionality 'Frequency'.
FrequencyUnit
Energy needed to heat one mole of substance by 1 Kelvin, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP). The standard molar entropy is usually given the symbol S, and has units of joules per mole kelvin ( J· mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). Unlike standard enthalpies of formation, the value of S is an absolute. That is, an element in its standard state has a nonzero value of S at room temperature. -- QUDT
JoulePerMoleKelvin
Joule per Mole Kelvin
volume ratio consisting of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicMilliMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Millimetre Per Cubic Metre
Per Picoometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /pm. -- QUDT
PerPicoMetre
ReciprocalPicoMetre
Number to multiply a SI coherent unit with when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
hasSIConversionMultiplier
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
For a solute X in a solution; quantity proportional to the absolute activity.
ActivityOfSolute
RelativeActivityOfSolute
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
A data that represents instants of time, marked with a particular time zone offset.
DateTimeStampData
In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state.
LevelWidth
The SI unit of volume, equal to 1.0e6 cm3, 1000 liters, 35.3147 ft3, or 1.30795 yd3. A cubic meter holds about 264.17 U.S. liquid gallons or 219.99 British Imperial gallons. -- QUDT
CubicMetre
Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other.
Force per unit oriented surface area .
Stress
Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO.
A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems.
QueryLanguage
SQL, SPARQL
Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools
Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
LongRangeOrderParameter
Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
BurgersVector
The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system.
A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix.
SIMetricPrefixedUnit
Length of the repetition interval of a wave.
Wavelength
lasciano tensioni residue di compressione
CompressiveForming
A photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction.
Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²).
Luminance
The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system.
SpeedOfLightInVacuum
The symbol that stands for the uranium atom.
UraniumSymbol
Welding
The class of units with dimensionality 'MechanicalMobility'.
MechanicalMobilityUnit
Atom subclass for flerovium.
FleroviumAtom
Atom subclass for boron.
BoronAtom
Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured".
In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty.
The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity.
Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated.
MetrologicalUncertainty
A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation.
- Standard deviation - Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability
Superclass for all units prefixed with "kilo" (1000).
KiloPrefixedUnit
Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field.
MagneticFlux
Mass per length.
LinearMassDensity
LineicMass
LinearDensity
`Degree Celsius per Minute` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / m. -- QUDT
DegreeCelsiusPerMinute
Degree Celsius per Minute
A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels.
A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - are proper parts of y - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - do not overlap - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional)
Reductionistic
Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective.
A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language.
A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution.
ProgrammingLanguage
Code
SoftwareCode
Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper.
A tessellation of temporal slices.
Sequence
Has shaped bodies as input and output.
The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena.
MaterialTreatment
Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength.
Coercivity
PhotochemicalProcesses
The symbol that stands for the silver atom.
SilverSymbol
A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
Stage
Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running.
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.
BoltzmannConstant
MicrowaveSintering
Per Weber unit.
PerWeber
ReciprocalWeber
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 0-dimensional Euclidean space.
ZeroManifold
0-manifold
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
ElectronicModel
Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
The symbol that stands for the krypton atom.
KryptonSymbol
The henry per meter (symbolized H/m) is the unit of magnetic permeability in the International System of Units ( SI ). Reduced to base units in SI, 1 H/m is the equivalent of one kilogram meter per square second per square ampere. -- QUDT
HenryPerMetre
Henry per Metre
A causal particle represents the most elementary entity in physics, being it a simple state of an elementary particle, called quantum in the EMMO, or a chain of causally connected quanta.
The disjoint union of CausalPath and Quantum classes.
The class of individuals representing causal particles.
CausalParticle
A semiotic relation that relates a datum to its dimension.
hasDimension
In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area.
EnergyFluence
Atom subclass for fluorine.
FluorineAtom
This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only.
A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one.
SICoherentDerivedUnit
"Electron Volt per Tesla" is a unit for 'Magnetic Dipole Moment' expressed as eV T⁻¹. -- QUDT
ElectronVoltPerTesla
Electron Volt per Tesla
Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume.
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat.
In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity.
At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature.
ThermalConductivity
isRemovedFrom
From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”).
Atom subclass for einsteinium.
EinsteiniumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy'.
QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit
Average power over a period.
ActivePower
From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve.
The term graphical is used in etymological sense, comprising both writings and visual arts.
Quotient of mechanical output and input power.
MechanicalEfficiency
Pressing
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTime'.
PerLengthTimeUnit
Atom subclass for osmium.
OsmiumAtom
Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval.
HeatFlowRate
A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel.
Objective
SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
SiemensPerMetre
Siemens Per Metre
A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models.
MultiSimulation
A semiotic process that assigns a sign by deduction from causal continguity.
Deduction
IndexSemiosis
The interpreter feels that the plate is hot and assigns the status of the kitchen stove to be on.
Product of force and displacement.
Work
The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonianConstantOfGravity'.
NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit
CeramicMaterial
A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape.
hasWellFormedTile
A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process.
hasCognised
From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).
Cubic metre per Coulomb.
CubicMetrePerCoulomb
The causal path class can be defined univocally in FOL.
The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure.
A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time.
Elementary
An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDipoleMoment'.
ElectricDipoleMomentUnit
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).
MergingManufacturing
The symbol that stands for the copper atom.
CopperSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivity'.
ElectricConductivityUnit
The symbol that stands for the oxygen atom.
OxygenSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerAmount'.
LengthPerAmountUnit
Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems.
GibbsEnergy
GibbsFreeEnergy
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit volume per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per cubic metre per second
The symbol that stands for the oganesson atom.
OganessonSymbol
For substance B, an integer number or a simple fraction, being negative for a reactant and positive for a product, occurring in the expression for a chemical reaction.
StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance
The factors 1/2 and 3/2 in the chemical reaction formula below are stoicheiometric mumbers of substance. (1/2)N2 + (3/2)H2 = NH3
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassSquareTime'.
MassSquareTimeUnit
Atom subclass for palladium.
PalladiumAtom
0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 4 -- QUDT
QuarticMilliMetre
Quartic Millimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductance'.
ElectricConductanceUnit
Atom subclass for rutherfordium.
RutherfordiumAtom
A command must be interpretable by the computer system.
An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task.
Command
From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`.
Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them.
Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark.
Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions.
Meson
Atom subclass for molybdenum.
MolybdenumAtom
Fraction is a unit for 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as the value of the ratio itself. -- QUDT
Fraction
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum.
JosephsonConstant
Sum over quantum states of energy in a system in equilibrium.
In physics, a partition function describes the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Partition functions are functions of the thermodynamic state variables, such as the temperature and volume. Most of the aggregate thermodynamic variables of the system, such as the total energy, free energy, entropy, and pressure, can be expressed in terms of the partition function or its derivatives. The partition function is dimensionless.
CanonicalPartitionFunction
A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space.
MathematicalOperator
The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number.
The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function.
Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m²) is a unit in the category of Electric charge surface density. It is also known as coulombs per square meter, coulomb per square metre, coulombs per square metre, coulomb/square meter, coulomb/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m2) has a dimension of L⁻²TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombPerSquareMetre
Coulomb per Square Metre
Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.
HalfLife
A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.
Fluid
Gas, liquid, plasma,
Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value.
HalfValueThickness
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLength'.
MassPerLengthUnit
Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure.
hasModelledProperty
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeArea'.
ElectricChargeAreaUnit
An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons.
An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class.
Molecule
H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄
This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant).
Atom subclass for iridium.
IridiumAtom
FormingJoin
ISO9000Reference
Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.
Gas
volume ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Decimetre Per Cubic Metre
AmorphousMaterial
NonCrystallineMaterial
A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers.
NumericalVariable
Square Kelvin.
SquareKelvin
Square metre seconds per radian.
Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux.
MagneticReluctance
Reluctance
The symbol that stands for the neon atom.
NeonSymbol
Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant.
MassExcess
The class of units with physical dimensionality per length to the power of four.
PerLengthQuarticUnit
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Minute
A square degree is a non-SI unit measure of solid angle. It is denoted in various ways, including deg, sq. deg. and °². Just as degrees are used to measure parts of a circle, square degrees are used to measure parts of a sphere. Analogous to one degree being equal to π /180 radians, a square degree is equal to (π /180) or about 1/3283 steradian. The number of square degrees in a whole sphere is or approximately 41 253 deg. This is the total area of the 88 constellations in the list of constellations by area. For example, observed from the surface of the Earth, the Moon has a diameter of approximately 0.5°, so it covers a solid angle of approximately 0.196 deg, which is 4.8 × 10 of the total sky sphere. -- QUDT
SquareDegree
Square degree
Dismantling
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalElectricChargeDensity'.
ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit
Per Tesla Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m .· T. -- QUDT
PerTeslaMetre
ReciprocalTeslaMetre.
OpenSMILE representation of a molecular structure.
OpenSMILES is an open specification of the SMILE language for specifying molecular structures, which has become a defacto standard for exchange of molecular structures.
smileReference
Number of all quantum states consistent with given energy, volume, and external fields.
MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit volt -- QUDT
ChemicalSymbolicConstruct
The symbol that stands for the polonium atom.
PoloniumSymbol
Radian per metre.
RadianPerMetre
Folding
hasURIValue
SI prefix who's value is 1e21.
Zetta
Gauge pressure can be measured using a diaphragm sensor, where one side of the diaphragm is exposed to the pressure media that is to be measured, while the other side is exposed to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
The pressure measured relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
GaugePressure
Rolling
A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention.
NaturalMaterial
A symbolic data representing a rational number, that is a number that can be expressed exact by `p/q` where `p` and `q` are integer numbers.
RationalData
Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly.
ElectronRadius
Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume.
ParticleSourceDensity
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time second -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetrePerSecond
Cubic Decimetre Per Second
Magnitude of the wave vector.
AngularWavenumber
Atom subclass for gadolinium.
GadoliniumAtom
Atom subclass for uranium.
UraniumAtom
H = Wb/A = V·s/A = Ω·s
SI unit for electrical inductance.
Henry
The SI unit of electric inductance. A changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a loop of wire (or in a coil of many loops) located in the field. Although the induced voltage depends only on the rate at which the magnetic flux changes, measured in webers per second, the amount of the current depends also on the physical properties of the coil. A coil with an inductance of one henry requires a flux of one weber for each ampere of induced current. If, on the other hand, it is the current which changes, then the induced field will generate a potential difference within the coil: if the inductance is one henry a current change of one ampere per second generates a potential difference of one volt. The henry is a large unit; inductances in practical circuits are measured in millihenrys (mH) or microhenrys (μH). The unit is named for the American physicist Joseph Henry (1797-1878), one of several scientists who discovered independently how magnetic fields can be used to generate alternating currents. -- QUDT
Radian Per Minute (rad/min) is a unit in the category of Angular velocity. It is also known as radians per minute, radian/minute. Radian Per Minute (rad/min) has a dimension of aT-1 where T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit rad/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.0166666666667. -- QUDT
RadianPerMinute
Radian per Minute
Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample.
SpecificActivity
MassicActivity
For a quantum level, the statistical weight of that level.
Degenerency
Multiplicity
Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant.
RelativeMassExcess
Number of ions per volume.
IonNumberDensity
IonDensity
The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.
hasPortion
A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk).
Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint.
A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure.
ProcedureUnit
Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg)
machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound).
Drilling
FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece
InspectionDevice
measurand
VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity.
Measurement units that are not SI units.
NonSIUnit
"Radian per Second" is the SI unit of rotational speed (angular velocity), and, also the unit of angular frequency. The radian per second is defined as the change in the orientation of an object, in radians, every second. -- QUDT
RadianPerSecond
radian per second
Symbol representing a spacing.
Spacing
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field.
PotentialEnergy
Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source.
SourceVoltage
SourceTension
unit litre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
LitrePerKelvin
Litre Per Kelvin
Moles per square metre and second and metre.
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTime'.
AreaTimeUnit
Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
SIMetricSubMultipleUnit
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
CoulombPerCubicCentiMetre
Coulomb Per Cubic Centimetre
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential.
Capacitance
ElectricCapacitance
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 2-dimensional Euclidean space.
TwoManifold
2-manifold
A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks.
Step
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
NewtonPerMilliMetre
Newton Per Millimetre
The symbol that stands for the chromium atom.
ChromiumSymbol
Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface.
Height
Per Pascal.
PerPascal
ReciprocalPascal
The symbol that stands for the iridium atom.
IridiumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergy'.
CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit
Measurement unit for electric capacitance.
The SI unit of electric capacitance. Very early in the study of electricity scientists discovered that a pair of conductors separated by an insulator can store a much larger charge than an isolated conductor can store. The better the insulator, the larger the charge that the conductors can hold. This property of a circuit is called capacitance, and it is measured in farads. One farad is defined as the ability to store one coulomb of charge per volt of potential difference between the two conductors. This is a natural definition, but the unit it defines is very large. In practical circuits, capacitance is often measured in microfarads, nanofarads, or sometimes even in picofarads (10⁻¹² farad, or trillionths of a farad). The unit is named for the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who was known for his work in electricity and electrochemistry. -- QUDT
Farad
Product of damping coefficient and period duration.
LogarithmicDecrement
Newton square metre.
NewtonSquareMetre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroFaradPerMetre
Microfarad Per Metre
The mass of an atom in the ground state.
The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes.
Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number.
AtomicMass
A graphical representation of a molecular structure showing the relative position in space of the atomic constituents and their bonds.
StructuralFormula
The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerAmount'.
EntropyPerAmountUnit
For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame.
RestMass
ProperMass
InvariantMass
A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process.
hasSign
Quotient of mass concentration of water vapour and mass concentration at its saturation ψ = r/rsat where r is mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas and rsat is the mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas at saturation of the same temperature.
RelativeMassFractionOfVapour
FormingBlasting
Atom subclass for thallium.
ThalliumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaSquareTime'.
AreaSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerLength'.
ElectricChargePerLengthUnit
Per metre and nanometre.
PerMetreNanoMetre
ReciprocalMetreNanoMetre
Atom subclass for californium.
CaliforniumAtom
SI unit for luminous flux.
The SI unit for measuring the flux of light being produced by a light source or received by a surface. The intensity of a light source is measured in candelas. One lumen represents the total flux of light emitted, equal to the intensity in candelas multiplied by the solid angle in steradians into which the light is emitted. A full sphere has a solid angle of 4·π steradians. A light source that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd·4π sr = 4π cd·sr ≈ 12.57 lumens. "Lumen" is a Latin word for light. -- QUDT
Lumen
Volume per amount of substance.
MolarVolume
A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
WorkpieceForming
Moles per square metre per second per metre per steradian.
Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species.
IonTransportNumber
TransferrenceNumber
CurrentFraction
Rate of transfer of energy per unit time.
Power
URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata.
wikidataReference
2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors.
Matrix
2DArray
The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation.
In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame.
CentreOfMass
The symbol that stands for the chlorine atom.
ChlorineSymbol
Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation.
MomentOfIntertia
An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number.
MolecularFormula
The class of units with dimensionality 'Temperature'.
TemperatureUnit
SI prefix who's value is 1e30.
Quetta
ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering
Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction.
hasConstitutiveProcess
A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and two "faces".
Cylinder
A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept.
Geometrical
A geometrical object can be expressed in many different forms. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings.
SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Volt Per Microsecond
A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection.
DoseEquivalent
Java
The symbol that stands for the iron atom.
IronSymbol
The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.
Second
Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.
SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point.
ThermodynamicTemperature
Temperature
A participant that is the driver of the process.
An agent is not necessarily human. An agent plays an active role within the process. An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it.
Agent
A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence.
Electric field strength divided by the current density.
ElectricResistivity
`Joule Per Quartic Meter` (J/m⁴) is a unit for the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length). This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
JoulePerQuarticMetre
Joule per Quartic Metre
Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point.
The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient.
ElectricPotential
ElectroStaticPotential
Number of donor levels per volume.
DonorDensity
(C/mol) is a unit in the category of Molar electric charge. It is also known as coulombs/mol. Coulomb Per Mol has a dimension of TN{-1}I where T is time, N is amount of substance, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombPerMole
Coulomb per Mole
From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as".
A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements.
HolisticArrangement
Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass.
CyclotronAngularFrequency
A unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.
A non-SI coherent can be expressed in terms of its corresponding SI coherent unit, as nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset where `multiplier` and `offset` are specified via the 'hasConversionMultiplier' and 'hasConversionOffset' data properties, respectively.
SINonCoherentUnit
Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material.
TotalMassStoppingPower
MassStoppingPower
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTemperature'.
LengthTemperatureUnit
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture).
Emulsion
Mayonnaise, milk.
The symbol that stands for the cobalt atom.
CobaltSymbol
A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents.
StyleSheetLanguage
CSS
The generic EMMO semiotical relation.
semiotical
isProperPartOf
Mass per unit area.
AreaDensity
An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities.
DefiningEquation
The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x)
Flanging
Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration.
MultiplicationFactor
Extend of a spatial dimension.
Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space.
Length
A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space).
Substance
A workflow whose tasks are spatial tiles.
ParallelWorkflow
The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDoseRate'.
AbsorbedDoseRateUnit
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
CoulombPerSquareCentiMetre
Coulomb Per Square Centimetre
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasInterpreter) o inverse (hasSign) =>hasReferent
A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms.
Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work.
Energy
hasStatus
The class of units with dimensionality 'Pressure'.
PressureUnit
Metre per hour is a metric unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (Vector (geometry)). Its symbol is m/h or mu00b7h-1 (not to be confused with the imperial unit symbol mph. By definition, an object travelling at a speed of 1 m/h for an hour would move 1 metre. -- QUDT
MetrePerHour
Metre per Hour
Atom subclass for erbium.
ErbiumAtom
For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty.
MeasuredConstant
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Day
Meter Per Minute (m/min) is a unit in the category of Velocity. It is also known as meter/minute, meters per minute, metre per minute, metres per minute. Meter Per Minute (m/min) has a dimension of LT-1 where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit m/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.016666666666 -- QUDT
MetrePerMinute
Metre per Minute
The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDose'.
AbsorbedDoseUnit
Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed.
Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure
FractionUnit
RatioUnit
VaporDeposition
The SI unit of dynamic viscosity, equal to 10 poises or 1000 centipoises. -- QUDT
PascalSecond
Pascal Second
Mole Per Kilogram Pascal (mol/kg-pa) is a unit of Molar Mass variation due to Pressure. -- QUDT
Mole per Kilogram Pascal
Pascal per Kelvin.
PascalPerKelvin
A standalone atom that has no net charge.
NeutralAtom
A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.
Inequality
f(x) > 0
An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity.
A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries.
isIndirectCauseOf
Siemens square metre per mole.
SiemensSquareMetrePerMole
A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units.
BaseUnit
base unit
A collapse is a fundamental interaction between m colliding particles that results in a single outgoing particle (inverse decay) that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1) with m>1.
Collapse
The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ.
The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures
The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes.
SIUnit
ThermochemicalTreatment
From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”
Atom subclass for neptunium.
NeptuniumAtom
for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}.
The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved.
EquilibriumConstant
EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis
ProductionEngineering
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system.
ElementaryCharge
Relates a SI prefixed unit to the prefix symbol.
hasPrefixSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassStoppingPower'.
MassStoppingPowerUnit
Square metre Hertz.
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerVolume'.
PerVolumeUnit
Square metre per Hertz.
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperature'.
PerTemperatureUnit
Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part.
hasMetricPrefix
Atom subclass for scandium.
ScandiumAtom
A one-newton force applied for one angle/torsional torque -- QUDT
NewtonPerRadian
Newton per radian
SI unit for magnetic flux density or induction.
The SI unit of flux density (or field intensity) for magnetic fields (also called the magnetic induction). The intensity of a magnetic field can be measured by placing a current-carrying conductor in the field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the conductor, a force which depends on the amount of the current and on the length of the conductor. One tesla is defined as the field intensity generating one newton of force per ampere of current per meter of conductor. Equivalently, one tesla represents a magnetic flux density of one weber per square meter of area. A field of one tesla is quite strong: the strongest fields available in laboratories are about 20 teslas, and the Earth's magnetic flux density, at its surface, is about 50 microteslas. The tesla, defined in 1958, honors the Serbian-American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), whose work in electromagnetic induction led to the first practical generators and motors using alternating current. -- QUDT
Tesla
An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment.
Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level.
Causality in the EMMO is intended as physical causation and not counter-factual. Meaning that causality is an expression of actual physical interactions, and not of a counterfactual depence such as “I didn't water the flowers, hence, I'm the cause of their death”.
The superclass of all causal EMMO relations.
causal
Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
DataProcessingApplication
From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953.
The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization.
in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type.
MeanFreePath
Geometrical characteristic of a shape of a body.
SectionModulus
Extent of a surface.
Area
"Square Meter Steradian" is a unit for 'Area Angle' expressed as m²-sr. -- QUDT
SquareMetreSteradian
Square Metre Steradian
SI prefix who's value is 1e18.
Exa
A real vector with 3 elements.
Shape3Vector
The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector.
Foaming
'Volt per Second' is a unit of magnetic flux equaling one weber. This is the flux passing through a conducting loop and reduced to zero at a uniform rate in one second inducing an electric potential of one volt in the loop. -- QUDT
VoltPerSecond
Volt per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyDensityOfStates'.
EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "micro" (1e-6).
MicroPrefixedUnit
SI unit of the quantity of matter per SI unit of mass per unit of time expressed in hour. -- QUDT
Moles per gram per hour
The class of units with dimensionality 'Acceleration'.
AccelerationUnit
Square metres per hectare. -- QUDT
square metres per hectare
The class of units with dimensionality 'Speed'.
SpeedUnit
"Radian per Hour" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rad/h. -- QUDT
RadianPerHour
Radian per Hour
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLength'.
QuarticLengthUnit
Atom subclass for tellurium.
TelluriumAtom
A unit symbol may be a symbolic construct (e.g. km) or a symbol (e.g. m).
The standard symbol for a unit.
unitSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressureTime'.
SquarePressureTimeUnit
Atom subclass for rhodium.
RhodiumAtom
A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application.
DataProcessing
The symbol that stands for the californium atom.
CaliforniumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerMass'.
EntropyPerMassUnit
Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially.
ReactorTimeConstant
Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities.
A measurement unit for a derived quantity. -- VIM
DerivedUnit
derived unit
The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient.
Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave.
PhaseCoefficient
PhaseChangeCoefficient
Relates a resource to its identifier.
hasResourceIdentifier
Somatosensory
Expectation value of the energy imparted.
MeanEnergyImparted
Gradient
Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared.
OxidationNumber
OxidationState
The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process.
Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). The triadic elements: - 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) - 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'
SemioticEntity
An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures.
CelsiusTemperature
A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity.
Signal
Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status.
An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
Neutron
Atom subclass for germanium.
GermaniumAtom
Atom subclass for zinc.
ZincAtom
Base-64 encoding of binary data.
Base64Binary
NucleonNumber
Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect.
ThermoelectricVoltage
Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S.
PowerFactor
A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Program
Executable
Symbol representing a letter in an alphabet.
Letter
A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition.
Observer
Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system.
NumberOfEntities
The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process.
Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign).
SemioticObject
Widening
Superclass for all units prefixed with "hecto" (100).
HectoPrefixedUnit
Ablation
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerSquareMetre
Newton Metre Per Square Metre
FlameCutting
contributesTo
Atom subclass for berkelium.
BerkeliumAtom
Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment.
GFactor
Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S.
DisplacementCurrent
A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas.
Vapor
Superclass for all units prefixed with "peta" (1e15).
PetaPrefixedUnit
Cubic metre per kilogram and square second.
Atom subclass for seaborgium.
SeaborgiumAtom
volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Metre
A unit associated with area moments of inertia. -- QUDT
QuarticMetre
Quartic Metre
Atom subclass for nitrogen.
NitrogenAtom
HardeningByForming
A language object that follows the syntactic rules used in the chemical field.
Chemical
In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section.
VolumicCrossSection
MacroscopicCrossSection
Gustatory
CSharp
Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S.
ElectricFlux
"Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as Hz T⁻¹. -- QUDT
HertzPerTesla
Hertz per Tesla
Superclass for all units prefixed with "femto" (1e-15).
FemtoPrefixedUnit
At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT.
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
ThermalTransmittance
A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena.
PhysicalLaw
DrawForming
A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part.
NonPrefixedUnit
A molecule composed of only one element type.
Homonuclear
ElementalMolecule
Hydrogen molecule (H₂).
Perceptual
From Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”).
Atom subclass for technetium.
TechnetiumAtom
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.
Liquid
A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction.
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassAmountOfSubstance'.
MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "tera" (1e12).
TeraPrefixedUnit
The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution.
EffectiveMass
RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current.
ApparentPower
The inverse of length.
ReciprocalLength
The `meter per Square second` is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and the standard unit of time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s², or m s⁻². As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, that is, `metre per second per second`. -- QUDT
MetrePerSquareSecond
Metre per Square Second
The symbol that stands for the actinium atom.
ActiniumSymbol
NCNameData
Atom subclass for cerium.
CeriumAtom
Riveting
Atom subclass for helium.
HeliumAtom
Watts per metre.
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
AmperePerSquareMilliMetre
Ampere Per Square Millimetre
A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall.
SeparateManufacturing
Trennen
CuttingManufacturing
Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat.
At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures.
DensityOfHeatFlowRate
AreicHeatFlowRate
hasProductOutput
SI unit for pressure.
Pascal
The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularFrequency'.
AngularFrequencyUnit
`Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Volumetric Heat Capacity' expressed as J/(m³ K). -- QUDT
JoulePerCubicMetreKelvin
Joule per Cubic Metre Kelvin
In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass.
SpecificEnergyImparted
A language entity used in the metrology discipline.
Metrological
A function defined using functional notation.
A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y).
MathematicalFunction
FunctionDefinition
y = f(x)
For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material.
TotalLinearStoppingPower
LinearStoppingPower
Atom subclass for manganese.
ManganeseAtom
The symbol that stands for the americium atom.
AmericiumSymbol
The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -- IEC, note 2
The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -- IEC, note 1
Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3
Velocity
The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules.
A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan.
Elaboration
The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. The execution of an algorithm.
A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
PhysicsBasedModel
Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve.
RadiusOfCurvature
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyArea'.
EnergyAreaUnit
The SI unit of magnetic flux. "Flux" is the rate (per unit of time) at which something crosses a surface perpendicular to the flow. The weber is a large unit, equal to 10⁸ maxwells, and practical fluxes are usually fractions of one weber. The weber is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second. In SI base units, the dimensions of the weber are (kg·m²)/(s²·A). The weber is commonly expressed in terms of other derived units as the Tesla-square meter (T·m²), volt-seconds (V·s), or joules per ampere (J/A).
SI unit for magnetic flux.
Weber
Atom subclass for roentgenium.
RoentgeniumAtom
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT
Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field.
Permittivity
Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton.
GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle
NuclearGFactor
Atom subclass for mercury.
MercuryAtom
Square metre and square Hertz.
The symbol that stands for the fluorine atom.
FluorineSymbol
CubicCentiMetrePerCubicCentiMetre
Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Centimetre
The symbol that stands for the antimony atom.
AntimonySymbol
Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength.
Mobility
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFluxDensity'.
MagneticFluxDensityUnit
energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor
ElectronAffinity
is the SI unit of magnetic field strength. One ampere per meter is equal to π/250 oersteds (12.566 371 millioersteds) in CGS units. The ampere per meter is also the SI unit of "magnetization" in the sense of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume; in this context 1 A/m = 0.001 emu per cubic centimeter. -- QUDT
AmperePerMetre
Ampere per Metre
A construction language used to write configuration files.
ConfigurationLanguage
.ini files
Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems.
Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material
A non encoded contrast (e.g. a temperature variation) can be represented by data that describes (e.g. the string "today it's warmer than yesterday") or quantifies (e.g. Monday 28 °C, Tuesday 30 °C) it through a semiotic process.
Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it.
NonEncodedContrast
EnvironmentalData
A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star.
This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a contrast occurs naturally, such as cloud patterns, tree rings, stains. It doesn't mean that such contrasts cannot be used to deduce something: in fact thaty can be seen as indexes (in semiotic sense) of a causally connected pehnomena. Simply, there is no agent behind that contrast with the intention to transmit data.
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerArea'.
PerAreaUnit
Atom subclass for thorium.
ThoriumAtom
Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water.
MassFractionOfDryMatter
Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum.
ComptonWavelength
Macromolecule
The symbol that stands for the nihonium atom.
NihoniumSymbol
Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media.
EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient
Following nominalistic approach a species is simply a name that can point to an element name, a chemical formula or a chemical compound. So everything addressed by these classes of names can be calleded a chemical species.
Specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure. Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities.
ChemicalSpecies
A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system.
Intensive
Temperature Density Pressure ChemicalPotential
Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
ElectricImpedance
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLengthTime'.
MassPerLengthTimeUnit
Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength.
ElectricSusceptibility
EncodedData is the class where inventions that don't actually exist whould be placed. For example, the blueprint of a bridge is an encoded data. When the bridge will be built, than the blueprint will also be a semiotical entity. Another example is Superman, that exists only as a set of magazines, drawings, novels, movies, but not in the real world.
A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
EncodedContrast
EncodedData
A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names).
A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM.
Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective.
Painting
3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices.
Array3D
3DArray
A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation.
ThroughTile
Per Square Joule is a denominator unit with dimensions /eV². -- QUDT
PerSquareJoule
ReciprocalSquareJoule
Energy per unit mass
SpecificEnergy
A coded that has been observed by an interpreter.
Observed
The biography of a person met by the author.
An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
Participant
A student during an examination.
`Joule Meter per Mole` is a unit for 'Length Molar Energy' expressed as J · m · mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
JouleMetrePerMole
Joule Metre per Mole
The symbol that stands for the francium atom.
FranciumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotential'.
ElectricPotentialUnit
reciprocal of the unit day -- QUDT
ReciprocalDay
Reciprocal Day
Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.
SuperconductorEnergyGap
Radiant energy per 10⁻⁴ SI unit area over a period of one day. -- QUDT
Joules per square centimetre per day
A unit of specific energy commonly used to measure the density of energy in batteries and capacitors.
WattHourPerKilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLengthPerTime'.
QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit
The symbol that stands for the tungsten atom.
TungstenSymbol
A boson with spin of 1 that carries electromagnetism.
ElementaryPhoton
The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
hasSubProcess
A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal.
TemporalTiling
VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue.
A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance.
Quantity
Measurand
length Rockwell C hardness electric resistance
quantity
The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis.
A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box.
Subjective
The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing.
The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases.
A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent any state of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found.
Material
Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use.
The symbol that stands for the lead atom.
LeadSymbol
Screwing
Helmholtz energy per amount of substance.
MolarHelmholtzEnergy
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTime'.
AreaPerTimeUnit
SupplyChain
TotalComposition
This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of contrasts that are perceivable through a specific human-related perception mechanism. This perspective is based on human characterization of perceptions. A 'Perceptual' can stand for another object in an EMMO described semiotic process (acting as sign or as object), just like a word on a paper (the perceptual object) may refer semiotically to another object. However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). A 'Perceptual' becomes a semiotic object, when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist within the EMMO, and it's done always specifying for which interpreter this relation occurs.
The class constrast individuals standing for entities that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a retina impression) to a human being and that are categorized accordingly to human perception mechanisms.
The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Perceptual' class, meaning that I recognize the cloud as an object thanks to a specific perceptual channel (e.g. through my eyes). This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world, understandable by others ontologists. The semiotic process within EMMO: My friend looks at the same cloud and says: "It is an elephant". I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical perception individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Perceptual' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. So, the Perceptual class is here to categorized real-world objects at meta-level using common perceptual channels, for practical ontology usage. We could have represented the word "elephant" within a physicalistic approach, by identifying it as a pressure wave in the air.
A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical).
Atom subclass for iron.
IronAtom
Gluing
The symbol that stands for the cadmium atom.
CadmiumSymbol
A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it.
SubProcess
Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being.
0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Decimetre
A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed.
NaturalLaw
Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix.
MetricPrefix
Atom subclass for platinum.
PlatinumAtom
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity.
hasStringValue
A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit.
hasMeasurementUnit
Length hasUnit only LengthUnit
SandMolds
Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength.
PoyntingVector
Speed in the absolute value of the velocity.
Length per unit time.
Speed
Atom subclass for nihonium.
NihoniumAtom
product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit second divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
VoltSecondPerMetre
Volt Second Per Metre
hasModel
Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
BetaDisintegrationEnergy
Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. -- VIM
A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system.
MeasuringInstrument
measuring instrument