The DataCite Ontology
type: Ontology
contributor: Amy J. Barton
contributor: Egbert Gramsbergen
contributor: Jan Ashton
contributor: Marie-Christine Jacquemot
creator: David Shotton
creator: Silvio Peroni
date: 2022-09-15
description: The DataCite Ontology is an ontology written in OWL 2 DL to enable the metadata properties of the [DataCite Metadata Kernel Specification version 3.1](https://www.datacite.org/sites/default/files/document/DataCite-MetadataSchema_V31_Final_8-24-2015_0.pdf) to be described in RDF. This version of the DataCite Ontology has been completely revised and significantly expanded to permit accurate mapping of this new version of the DataCite Metadata Kernel Specification to RDF.
rights: This work is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
comment: The DataCite Ontology (DataCite) is an ontology that enables the metadata properties of the DataCite Metadata Schema Specification (i.e., a list of metadata properties for the accurate and consistent identification of a resource for citation and retrieval purposes) to be described in RDF. **URL:** http://purl.org/spar/datacite **Creators**: [David Shotton](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-523X), [Silvio Peroni](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305) **Contributors:** [Amy J. Barton](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-3723), [Egbert Gramsbergen](https://www.linkedin.com/in/egbertgramsbergen/), [Jan Ashton](https://www.bl.uk/people/experts/janet-ashton), [Marie-Christine Jacquemot](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-1472) **License:** [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode) **Website:** http://www.sparontologies.net/ontologies/datacite
imports: literal
prior version: http://purl.org/spar/datacite/2021-09-24
version IRI: http://purl.org/spar/datacite/2022-09-15
version info: 1.2

alternate resource identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier other than a DOI that is used as an alternative identifier to uniquely identifies the primary resource that is the subject of the DataCite metadata record, belonging to a particular scheme such as ISBN specified by an individual that is a member of the class datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme.
subclass of: resource identifier
disjoint with: primary resource identifier

abstract
type: description type
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A brief summary of a textual work, appearing at the beginning of the work and designed to act as the point-of-entry that will help the reader quickly to obtain an overview of the work's contents.

acm
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://dl.acm.org/
comment: ACM Digital Library author ID, which is resolvable using the following URL: https://dl.acm.org/profile/<identifier>.

ark
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://confluence.ucop.edu/display/Curation/ARK
comment: Archival Resource Key.

arxiv
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://arxiv.org/
comment: Identifier for ArXiv (http://arxiv.org/), a open access repository of preprints, having the format arXiv:1207.2147.

bibcode
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: It is the Astrophysics Data System bibliographic codes, a standardized 19 character identifier according to the syntax "yyyyjjjjjvvvvmppppa".

crossref
type: organization identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://crossref.org/
comment: Crossref member identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://api.crossref.org/members/<identifier>.

dblp
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://dblp.org
comment: DBLP author identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://dblp.org/pid/<identifier>.

dblp record
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://dblp.org/
comment: DBLP publication identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://dblp.org/rec/<identifier>.

dia
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.surf.nl/en/themas/openonderzoek/infrastructuur/Pages/digitalauthoridentifierdai.aspx
comment: The Digital Author Identification system assigns a unique number to all authors in the Netherlands research system.

dnb
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://d-nb.info/
comment: DNB catalogue number, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://d-nb.info/<identifier>.

ean13
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.gs1.org/
comment: International Article Number

eissn
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.issn.org/
comment: Electronic International Standard Serial Number

fundref
type: funder identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.crossref.org/fundref/index.html
comment: FundRef is a collaborative pilot project of scholarly publishers and funding agencies, facilitated by CrossRef, to provide a standard way of identifying and reporting funding sources for published scholarly research.

gepris
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://gepris.dfg.de
comment: GEPRIS person identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: http://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/person/<identifier>.

github
type: agent identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://github.com/
comment: GitHub username, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://github.com/<identifier>.

GitLab user account
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/profile/
comment: The identifier for GitLab Users.

gnd
type: identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://gnd.network/
comment: Gemeinsame Normdatei identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://d-nb.info/gnd/<identifier>.

google scholar
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://scholar.google.com/
comment: Google Scholar author identifier, which resolvable from the following URL: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=<identifier>.

handle
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.handle.net/
comment: The Handle system

has creator list
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property allows one to specify the list of the creators of a certain resource.
domain: Restriction
  on property: has identifier
  some values from: resource identifier
range: List

has general resource type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object property permitting specification of the general type of a resource, defined from the DataCite controlled list, namely: * dcmitype:MovingImage; * dcmitype:Collection; * dcmitype:Dataset; * dcmitype:Event; * dcmitype:dcmitype:StillImage; * dcmitype:InteractiveResource; * fabio:Model; * dcmitype:PhysicalObject; * dcmitype:Service; * dcmitype:Software; * dcmitype:Sound; * dcmitype:Text; * fabio:Workflow; * frbr:Endeavour. All the prefixes used here refer to external ontologies, i.e., DC Metadata Terms (dcmitype: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/), FaBiO (fabio: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/), and FRBR (frbr: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#).
domain: Restriction
  on property: has identifier
  some values from: resource identifier
range: Concept
sub property of: type

ieee
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
comment: IEEE Xplore author ID, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/<identifier>.

infouri
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://info-uri.info/registry/docs/misc/faq.html
comment: Info URI scheme

isbn
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.isbn-international.org/
comment: International Standard Book Number

isni
type: organization identifier scheme
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.isni.org/
comment: International Standard Name Identifier scheme.

issn
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.issn.org/
comment: International Standard Serial Number

istc
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.istc-international.org/html/
comment: International Standard Text Code

jst
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Japanese Science and Technology Agency identifier scheme

lattes
type: agent identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://lattes.cnpq.br/
comment: Lattes Platform number, which is resolvable from the following URL: http://lattes.cnpq.br/<identifier>.

linkedin
type: agent identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://www.linkedin.com/
comment: LinkedIn personal profile identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/<identifier>.

lissn
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.issn.org/
comment: Linking International Standard Serial Number

loc
type: identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://id.loc.gov/
comment: Library of Congress authority identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/<identifier>.

local funder identifier scheme
type: funder identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A funder identifier scheme that provides local funder identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

local organization identifier scheme
type: organization identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: An organization identifier scheme that provides local organization identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

local personal identifier scheme
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A personal identifier scheme that provides local personal identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

local resource identifier scheme
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A resource identifier scheme that provides local resource identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.

lsid
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-lsidbp/
comment: Life Science Identifier

math genealogy
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://mathgenealogy.org/
comment: Mathematics Genealogy Project identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=<identifier>.

methods
type: description type
type: NamedIndividual
label: Methods
comment: A description in a research paper documenting the specialized methods used in the work described.

national insurance number
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: United Kingdom National Insurance Number scheme.

nihmsid
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://nexus.od.nih.gov/all/2009/09/01/nih-public-access-update-clarifying-use-of-the-nih-manuscript-submission-id-nihmsid/
comment: NIH Manuscript Submission Identifier

nii
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: National Individual Identifier scheme.

oci
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
description: The Open Citation Identifier (OCI) is a persistent identifier for bibliographic citations, created and maintained by OpenCitations (http://opencitations.net).
has URL: https://w3id.org/oc/oci
comment: Open Citation Identifier.

oclc
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://www.worldcat.org/
comment: OCLC control number, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/<identifier>.

OpenAlex ID
type: identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://docs.openalex.org/about-the-data
comment: The primary key for all entities included in OpenAlex. The OpenAlex ID has two parts. The first part is the base, that is always https://openalex.org/. The second part is the key, i.e. the unique primary key that identifies a given resource in our database. The key starts with a letter that tells us the kind of entity: W(ork), A(uthor), V(enue), I(nstitution), or C(oncept). In addition, the IDs are not case-sensitive, so w2741809807 is just as valid as W2741809807.

openid
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://openid.net/foundation/
comment: OpenID is an open standard that describes how users can be authenticated in a decentralized manner, eliminating the need for centralized registration services.

orcid
type: agent identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://orcid.org/
comment: Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier.

other
type: description type
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A catch-all description type required by the DataCite Metadata Schema to characterize description types that are not abstracts, series information or tables of content.

pii
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Pulisher Item Identifier scheme.

pmcid
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
comment: PubMed Central Identifier

pmid
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
comment: PubMed Identifier

purl
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://purl.org/
comment: Persistent Uniform Resource Locator

repec
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://authors.repec.org/
comment: RePEc Short identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://authors.repec.org/pro/<identifier>.

research gate
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://www.researchgate.net
comment: ResearchGate profile identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/<identifier>.

researcherid
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.researcherid.com/
comment: ResearcherID is an identifying system for scientific authors created and owned by Thomson Reuters.

ror
type: organization identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://ror.org/
comment: The Research Organization Registry Community identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://ror.org/<identifier>.

SciGraph ID
type: identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://scigraph.springernature.com/explorer/datasets/data_at_a_glance/
comment: The identifier used for referring to entities in the Springer Nature SciGraph dataset.

series information
type: description type
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Used to charactierize a description of a resource that is part of a series.

sici
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier
comment: Serial Item and Contribution Identifier

social security number
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: United States of America social security number scheme

SPAR Ontologies
type: metadata scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.sparontologies.net
comment: The Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies, a.k.a. SPAR Ontologies, form a suite of orthogonal and complementary OWL 2 DL ontology modules for the creation of comprehensive machine-readable RDF metadata for every aspect of semantic publishing and referencing: document description, bibliographic resource identifiers, types of citations and related contexts, bibliographic references, document parts and status, agents' roles and contributions, bibliometric data and workflow processes.

table of content
type: description type
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A table of content giving information about the content of a resource, appearing before the body text. Where the resource is a journal or magazine issue, the table of content lists the constituent items contained in that issue, typically by title, authors and first page number.

twitter
type: agent identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://twitter.com/
comment: Twitter handle, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://twitter.com/<identifier>.

upc
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Universal Product Code

uri
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
comment: Uniform Resource Identifier

url
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Uniform Resource Locator.

urn
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/urn/charter/
comment: Uniform Resource Name.

uses metadata scheme
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The link between a metadata document and the scheme followed for creating metadata.
range: metadata scheme

viaf
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://viaf.org/
comment: The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file created by amalagamating the national authority files of several national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC). It contains information about many topics including personal names.

wikidata
type: identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://www.wikidata.org/
comment: Wikidata QID, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/<identifier>.

wikipedia
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/
comment: Wikipedia page name, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<identifier>.

zbmath
type: personal identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: https://zbmath.org/
comment: zbMATH author identifier, which is resolvable from the following URL: https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:<identifier>.

primary resource identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier that is used as the primary identifier to uniquely identifies the primary resource that is the subject of the DataCite metadata record. Within the DataCite metadata record, a Digital Object Identifier is the only permitted primary resource identifier scheme, specified by the individual datacite:doi, that is a member of the class datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme.
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: doi
  on property: uses identifier scheme
subclass of: resource identifier

doi
type: resource identifier scheme
type: NamedIndividual
has URL: http://www.doi.org/
comment: Digital Object Identier

has description
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object property permitting specification of an entity used to describe a resource.
domain: Restriction
  on property: has identifier
  some values from: resource identifier
range: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: has description type

has description type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object property permitting specification of the type of description used to describe a resource, defined as an individual of the class datacite:DescriptionType from the DataCite controlled list of Abstract, SeriesInformation, TableOfContent and Other.
domain: Restriction
  all values from: Restriction
    on property: has identifier
    some values from: resource identifier
  on property:
    inverse of: has description
range: description type
sub property of: type

funder identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities a funding agency, belonging to a particular scheme such as FundRef specified by an individual within the class datacite:FunderIdentifierScheme.
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: funder identifier scheme
  on property: uses identifier scheme
subclass of: agent identifier

metadata scheme
type: Class
comment: The class that describe metadata schemes used for creating a metadata document referring to a certain resource. Neither a class for metadata documents nor a property linking a resource to its metadata document are not explicitly defined in this ontology. However, we recommend to use the class fabio:MetadataDocument (from http://purl.org/spar/fabio) and cito:citesAsMetadataDocument (from http://purl.org/spar/cito) for providing such descriptions. An example of use of such entities is shown as follows: :my-resource cito:citesAsMetadataDocument :my-resource-metadata . :my-resource-metadata a fabio:MetadataDocument ; datacite:usesMetadataScheme datacite:spar . In addition, if needed, it is possible to use the dataproperty fabio:hasURL (not included in this ontology as well) for defining the actual URL of a certain metadata scheme.

organization identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities an individual organization, belonging to a particular identifier scheme such as ISNI specified by an individual within the class datacite:OrganizationIdentifierScheme.
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: organization identifier
  on property: uses identifier scheme
subclass of: agent identifier

personal identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities an individual person, belonging to a particular identifier scheme such as ORCID specified by an individual within the class datacite:PersonalIdentifierScheme.
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: personal identifier scheme
  on property: uses identifier scheme
subclass of: agent identifier

funder identifier scheme
type: Class
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify a funding agency. Individual schemes are defines as members of this class. At present, the only individual of this class is datacite:fundref.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: funder identifier
subclass of: agent identifier scheme

identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities an entity – such as a funding agency, a person and a resource – belonging to a particular scheme such as those specified by individuals of the class datacite:IdentifierScheme.
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: identifier scheme
  on property: uses identifier scheme
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property:
    inverse of: has identifier
subclass of: Literal

organization identifier scheme
type: Class
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify an organization. Individual schemes are defines as members of this class.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: organization identifier
subclass of: agent identifier scheme

agent identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier that uniquely identities an individual agent, belonging to a particular identifier scheme specified by an individual within the class datacite:AgentIdentifierScheme (or any of its subclasses).
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: agent identifier
  on property: uses identifier scheme
subclass of: identifier
disjoint with: resource identifier

has identifier
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object property specifying a datacite:Identifier that provides a unique identifer for the entity (either a funder, a person or a resource).
range: identifier

description type
type: Class
comment: This class permits classification of the type of description given to a resource described by the DataCite Metadata schema. Individual members of the class conform to the five values allowed in the DataCite controlled list, namely: * abstract; * methods; * series-information; * table-of-content; * other.
subclass of: Concept

agent identifier scheme
type: Class
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify an agent. Individual schemes are defines as members of its sub-classes.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: agent identifier
subclass of: identifier scheme

identifier scheme
type: Class
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify an entity such as a funding agency, a person or a resource. Individual schemes are defines as members of this class.

resource identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier that is used to uniquely identifies a resource.
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: resource identifier scheme
  on property: uses identifier scheme
subclass of: identifier

uses identifier scheme
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object property permitting specification of the identifier scheme used to provide the identifier for an entity – either a funder, a person or a resource – defined as an individual of the class datacite:IdentifierScheme.
domain: identifier
range: identifier scheme

personal identifier scheme
type: Class
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify a person. Individual schemes are defines as members of this class.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: personal identifier
subclass of: agent identifier scheme

resource identifier scheme
type: Class
comment: The identifier scheme used to identify a resource. Individual schemes are defines as members of this class. For DataCite, the only permitted identifier scheme for the primary resource identifier is the Digital Object Identifier.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: uses identifier scheme
  some values from: resource identifier
subclass of: identifier scheme